装饰模式
装饰模式:允许向一个现有的对象添加新的功能,同时又不改变其结构。这种类型的设计模式属于结构型模式,它是作为现有的类的一个包装。这种模式创建了一个装饰类,用来包装原有的类,并在保持类方法签名完整性的前提下,提供了额外的功能。我们通过下面的实例来演示装饰器模式的用法。其中,我们将把一个形状装饰上不同的颜色,同时又不改变形状类。
优点:装饰类和被装饰类可以独立发展,不会相互耦合,装饰模式是继承的一个替代模式,装饰模式可以动态扩展一个实现类的功能。
缺点:多层装饰比较复杂。
使用场景:
- 扩展一个类的功能;
- 动态增加功能,动态撤销。
Shape
public interface Shape {
void draw();
}
Circle
public class Circle implements Shape {
@Override
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Shape: Circle");
}
}
Rectangle
public class Rectangle implements Shape {
@Override
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Shape: Rectangle");
}
}
ShapeDecorator
public abstract class ShapeDecorator implements Shape {
protected Shape decoratedShape;
public ShapeDecorator(Shape decoratedShape) {
this.decoratedShape = decoratedShape;
}
@Override
public void draw() {
decoratedShape.draw();
}
}
RedShapeDecorator
public class RedShapeDecorator extends ShapeDecorator {
public RedShapeDecorator(Shape decoratedShape) {
super(decoratedShape);
}
@Override
public void draw() {
decoratedShape.draw();
setRedBorder(decoratedShape);
}
private void setRedBorder(Shape decoratedShape) {
System.out.println("Border Color: Red");
}
}
DecoratorPatternDemo
public class DecoratorPatternDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Shape circle = new Circle();
RedShapeDecorator redCircle = new RedShapeDecorator(new Circle());
RedShapeDecorator redRectangle = new RedShapeDecorator(new Rectangle());
System.out.println("Circle with normal border");
circle.draw();
System.out.println("\nCircle with red border");
redCircle.draw();
System.out.println("\nRectangle of red border");
redRectangle.draw();
}
}
// 结果
Circle with normal border
Shape: Circle
Circle with red border
Shape: Circle
Border Color: Red
Rectangle of red border
Shape: Rectangle
Border Color: Red