【论文复刻】 堆叠柱状图变形

复刻了一下这篇论文里的fig4a：Impacts of COVID-19 and fiscal stimuli on global emissions and the Paris Agreement | Nature Climate Change

效果图：​

主要步骤：

1. 数据准备：随机赋值

2. 数据处理：计算了一个百分数

3. 图像绘制：（1）绘制变形的堆叠柱状图

                      （2）灵活控制文本位置

                      （3）用箭头突出显示变化

详细代码：着急的直接拖到最后有完整代码

步骤一：导入库包及图片存储路径并设置中文字体为宋体，西文为新罗马（没有的库包要先下好奥）

# 导入库及文件
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import rcParams
# 设置西文字体为新罗马字体，中文宋体
config = {
            "font.family": 'serif',
            "font.size": 12,
            "mathtext.fontset": 'stix',
            "font.serif": ['SimSun'],
         }
rcParams.update(config)
rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False
###############################################################################

步骤二：前期准备数据

figpath = r'H:/00.csdn/02fig/'

# 随机赋值数据
a0 = 140.9
a = np.array([0.3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2])

x = range(1, 10, 1)

# 计算百分比并进行格式化
proportion1 = a/np.sum(a)*100
proportion1 =['{:.2f}%'.format(i) for i in proportion1]

# 文本标签
proportion2 = ['aaaaaaaaaaaa',
               'bbbbbbbbbbbb',
               'cccccccccccc',
               'dddddddddddd',
               'eeeeeeeeeeee',
               'ffffffffffff',
               'gggggggggggg']

colors = ['#656565', '#D27D75', '#81BAC8', '#64A99C', '#64A99C', '#A49384']

步骤三：绘制柱状图及其上下文本

###############################################################################
width = 0.8

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
ax = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.25, 0.6, 0.4])

# 绘制第一个bar
ax.bar(x[0], a0, width, align='center',  color=colors[0], bottom=0)
ax.text(x[0], 140.1 , 'xxxxxxx', color='w', fontsize=10, rotation=90, horizontalalignment="center")

# 绘制第二到五个bar
sum0 = a0
for i in range(0, 5, 1):
    ax.bar(x[i+1], a[i], width, align='center',  color=colors[i+1], bottom=sum0)
    sum0 += a[i]
    
    if i < 2: 
        ax.text(x[i+1], sum0-a[i]-0.2 , proportion1[i], fontsize=10, rotation=0, horizontalalignment="center")
        ax.text(x[i+1], sum0+0.1 , proportion2[i], fontsize=10, rotation=90, horizontalalignment="center")
        
    elif i >= 2 and i < 5:
        ax.text(x[i+1], sum0+0.1, proportion1[i], fontsize=10, rotation=0, horizontalalignment="center")
        ax.text(x[i+1], sum0-a[i]-1.0 , proportion2[i], fontsize=10, rotation=90, horizontalalignment="center")

# 添加6 7 文本
ax.text(x[6], sum0-0.5, proportion2[5], fontsize=10, rotation=90, horizontalalignment="center")
ax.text(x[7], sum0-0.5, proportion2[6], fontsize=10, rotation=90, horizontalalignment="center")

# 绘制第八个bar
ax.bar(x[8], sum0, width, align='center',  color=colors[0], bottom=0)
ax.text(x[8], 140.1 , 'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx', color='w', fontsize=10, rotation=90, horizontalalignment="center")

步骤四：设置标题文本，坐标轴信息，及箭头

# 添加标题信息
ax.text(5, 143.5 , 'xxxxxxxxxxx\nyyyyyyyyyyyyyy', color='k', fontsize=10, rotation=0, horizontalalignment="center")

# 设置坐标轴信息
ax.set(xlim=(0, 10), xticks=[],
       ylim=(140, 144), yticks=range(140, 145, 1), yticklabels=range(140, 145, 1), ylabel = 'y轴')

# 添加箭头及箭头上方文本
plt.arrow(2,140.2, 6, 0, width=0.01, head_width=0.06, facecolor='gray', edgecolor='gray')
ax.text(5, 140.3 , '+ '+'%3.2f' %((sum0-a0)/a0) + '%', color='k', fontsize=10, rotation=0, horizontalalignment="center")

步骤五：保存图像

###############################################################################
# 保存图像
plt.savefig(figpath+'305 COVID-19 Fig4', dpi=600, bbox_inches = 'tight')
plt.show()

完整代码在这里：

# 导入库及文件
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import rcParams
# 设置西文字体为新罗马字体，中文宋体
config = {
            "font.family": 'serif',
            "font.size": 12,
            "mathtext.fontset": 'stix',
            "font.serif": ['SimSun'],
         }
rcParams.update(config)
rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False
###############################################################################
figpath = r'H:/00.csdn/02fig/'

# 随机赋值数据
a0 = 140.9
a = np.array([0.3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2])

x = range(1, 10, 1)

# 计算百分比并进行格式化
proportion1 = a/np.sum(a)*100
proportion1 =['{:.2f}%'.format(i) for i in proportion1]

# 文本标签
proportion2 = ['aaaaaaaaaaaa',
               'bbbbbbbbbbbb',
               'cccccccccccc',
               'dddddddddddd',
               'eeeeeeeeeeee',
               'ffffffffffff',
               'gggggggggggg']

colors = ['#656565', '#D27D75', '#81BAC8', '#64A99C', '#64A99C', '#A49384']
###############################################################################
width = 0.8

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
ax = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.25, 0.6, 0.4])

# 绘制第一个bar
ax.bar(x[0], a0, width, align='center',  color=colors[0], bottom=0)
ax.text(x[0], 140.1 , 'xxxxxxx', color='w', fontsize=10, rotation=90, horizontalalignment="center")

# 绘制第二到五个bar
sum0 = a0
for i in range(0, 5, 1):
    ax.bar(x[i+1], a[i], width, align='center',  color=colors[i+1], bottom=sum0)
    sum0 += a[i]
    
    if i < 2: 
        ax.text(x[i+1], sum0-a[i]-0.2 , proportion1[i], fontsize=10, rotation=0, horizontalalignment="center")
        ax.text(x[i+1], sum0+0.1 , proportion2[i], fontsize=10, rotation=90, horizontalalignment="center")
        
    elif i >= 2 and i < 5:
        ax.text(x[i+1], sum0+0.1, proportion1[i], fontsize=10, rotation=0, horizontalalignment="center")
        ax.text(x[i+1], sum0-a[i]-1.0 , proportion2[i], fontsize=10, rotation=90, horizontalalignment="center")

# 添加6 7 文本
ax.text(x[6], sum0-0.5, proportion2[5], fontsize=10, rotation=90, horizontalalignment="center")
ax.text(x[7], sum0-0.5, proportion2[6], fontsize=10, rotation=90, horizontalalignment="center")

# 绘制第八个bar
ax.bar(x[8], sum0, width, align='center',  color=colors[0], bottom=0)
ax.text(x[8], 140.1 , 'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx', color='w', fontsize=10, rotation=90, horizontalalignment="center")

# 添加标题信息
ax.text(5, 143.5 , 'xxxxxxxxxxx\nyyyyyyyyyyyyyy', color='k', fontsize=10, rotation=0, horizontalalignment="center")

# 设置坐标轴信息
ax.set(xlim=(0, 10), xticks=[],
       ylim=(140, 144), yticks=range(140, 145, 1), yticklabels=range(140, 145, 1), ylabel = 'y轴')

# 添加箭头及箭头上方文本
plt.arrow(2,140.2, 6, 0, width=0.01, head_width=0.06, facecolor='gray', edgecolor='gray')
ax.text(5, 140.3 , '+ '+'%3.2f' %((sum0-a0)/a0) + '%', color='k', fontsize=10, rotation=0, horizontalalignment="center")
###############################################################################
# 保存图像
plt.savefig(figpath+'305 COVID-19 Fig4', dpi=600, bbox_inches = 'tight')
plt.show()