Mybatis完整版(一)
环境
- JDK1.8
- MySQL5.7 / 8.0
- Maven 3.6.1
- IDEA
Mybatis文档
https://mybatis.org/mybatis-3/index.html
简介
- MyBatis 是一款优秀的持久层框架。
- 它支持自定义 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。
- MyBatis 免除了几乎所有的 JDBC 代码以及设置参数和获取结果集的工作。
- MyBatis 可以通过简单的 XML 或注解来配置和映射原始类型、接口和 Java POJO(Plain Old Java
Objects,普通老式 Java 对象)为数据库中的记录。 - MyBatis 本是apache的一个开源项目iBatis, 2010年这个项目由apache software foundation 迁移到了google code,并且改名为MyBatis 。2013年11月迁移到Github。
一、如何获取Mybatis?
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.6</version>
</dependency>
二、第一个Mybatis程序
思路:搭建环境–>导入Mybatis–>编写代码–>测试
1.搭建环境
搭建数据库
新建项目
- 新建一个普通的maven项目
- 删除src目录
- 导入maven依赖
<!--导入依赖-->
<dependencies>
<!--mysql驱动-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.19</version>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.6</version>
</dependency>
<!--junit-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
在pom.xml文件中加入如下代码!
<!--在build中配置resources,来防止我们资源导出失败的问题-->
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
2.创建一个模块
- 编写mybatis的核心配置文件(官方建议mybatis-config.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<!--configuration核心配置文件-->
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=UTC"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
</configuration>
- 编写mybatis工具类
//sqlSessionFactory --> sqlSession
public class MybatisUtils {
private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
static {
try {
//使用Mybatis第一步:获取sqlSessionFactory对象
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//既然有了 SqlSessionFactory,顾名思义,我们可以从中获得 SqlSession 的实例。
// SqlSession 提供了在数据库执行 SQL 命令所需的所有方法。
public static SqlSession getSqlSession() {
return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
}
}
3.编写代码
- Pojo/Entity实体类
- Dao/Mapper接口
- 接口实现类由原来的UserDaoImpl转换为一个Mapper配置文件(接口对应的Mapper.xml文件)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="org.mybatis.example.BlogMapper">
<select id="selectBlog" resultType="Blog">
select * from Blog where id = #{id}
</select>
</mapper>
4.测试
注意点:
org.apache.ibatis.binding.BindingException: Type interface com.roc.dao.UserDao is not known to the MapperRegistry.
(org.apache.ibatis.binding.BindingException:MapperRegistry不知道类型为com.roc.dao.UserDao的接口。)
MapperRegistry是什么?
配置文件中注册mappers
<!--每一个Mapper.xml都需要在Mybatis核心配置文件中注册-->
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/roc/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
解决方案:
在pom.xml文件中加入如下代码!
<!--在build中配置resources,来防止我们资源导出失败的问题-->
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
- junit测试
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Userdao测试类
*/
public class UserDaoTest {
@Test
public void test() {
//第一步:获得SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
//方式一:getMapper ---执行SQL
UserDao mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDao.class);
List<User> userList = mapper.getUserList();
for (User user : userList) {
System.out.println(user);
}
//关闭SqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
}
三、CRUD
注意点:增删改一定要提交事务
1. namespace
namespace中的包名要和Dao/Mapper接口的包名一致!
2. select
选择标签,查询语句;
- id:就是对应的namespace中的方法名;
- resultType:Sql语句执行的返回值;
- parameterType:参数类型;
- 编写接口
//根据ID查询用户
User getUserById(int id);
- 编写对应的mapper中的sql语句
<select id="getUserById" parameterType="int" resultType="com.roc.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user where id = #{id}
</select>
- 测试
@Test
public void getUserById() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = mapper.getUserById(1);
System.out.println(user);
sqlSession.close();
}
3. insert
添加标签,添加数据;
- id:就是对应的namespace中的方法名;
- parameterType:参数类型;
- 编写接口
//insert一个用户
int addUser(User user);
- 编写对应的mapper中的sql语句
<!--对象中的属性,可以直接取出来-->
<insert id="addUser" parameterType="com.roc.pojo.User">
insert into mybatis.user (id,name,pwd) values (#{id},#{name},#{pwd})
</insert>
- 测试
//增删改需要提交事务
@Test
public void addUser() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
int count = mapper.addUser(new User(5, "王慧", "111111"));
System.out.println(count);
//提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
4. update
更新标签,修改数据;
- id:就是对应的namespace中的方法名;
- parameterType:参数类型;
- 编写接口
//修改用户
int updateUser(User user);
- 编写对应的mapper中的sql语句
<update id="updateUser" parameterType="com.roc.pojo.User">
update mybatis.user set name=#{name},pwd=#{pwd} where id = #{id};
</update>
- 测试
@Test
public void updateUser() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
int count = mapper.updateUser(new User(4, "呵呵", "123456"));
System.out.println(count);
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
5. delete
删除标签,删除数据;
- id:就是对应的namespace中的方法名;
- parameterType:参数类型;
- 编写接口
//删除一个用户
int deleteUser(int id);
- 编写对应的mapper中的sql语句
<delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int">
delete from mybatis.user where id = #{id};
</delete>
- 测试
@Test
public void deleteUser(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
int count = mapper.deleteUser(5);
System.out.println(count);
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
6.万能的Map
假如,我们的实体类,或者数据库中的表,字段或者参数过多,我们应当考虑使用Map!
- 编写接口
//insert一个用户
int addUser2(Map<String,Object> map);
- 编写接口对应的mapper中的sql语句
<!--对象中的属性,可以直接取出来; 传递map的key-->
<insert id="addUser2" parameterType="map">
insert into mybatis.user (id,name,pwd) values (#{userid},#{username},#{userpwd})
</insert>
- 测试
//增删改需要提交事务
@Test
public void addUser2() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("userid",1);
map.put("username","张万鹏");
map.put("userpwd","123123");
int count = mapper.addUser2(map);
System.out.println(count);
//提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
- Map传递参数,直接在sql中取出key即可!【parameterType=“map”】
- 对象传递参数,直接在sql中取出对象的属性即可!【parameterType=“Object”】
- 只有一个基本类型参数的情况下,可以直接在sql中取到!【可以省略不写】
- 多个参数用Map或者注解
7.模糊查询
- 编写接口
//模糊查询用户
List<User> getUserLike(String value);
- 编写接口对应的mapper中的sql语句
<select id="getUserLike" resultType="com.roc.pojo.User">
select * from user where name like #{value}
</select>
- 测试
-
代码执行时,传递通配符 % %;
select * from user where name like #{value}
List<User> list = mapper.getUserLike("%张%");
-
在sql语句中拼接使用通配符!(不安全)
select * from user where name like "%"#{value}"%"
@Test
public void getUserLike(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
List<User> list = mapper.getUserLike("%张%");
for (User user : list) {
System.out.println(user);
}
sqlSession.close();
}