仿射密码(Affine)

仿射密码(Affine)

• 加密对象: 英文字母

• 原理:

  • 该密码运用了乘法逆元和模运算
  • a~z对应于0~25， 将明文的每个字符转为对应的数字

  a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k	l	m	n	o	p	q	r	s	t	u	v	w	x	y	z
  0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25

  • 加密函数：D(x) = (a*x+b) (mod 26)，这里a,b变量就是密钥，注意 a必须和26互质
  • 通过加密函数得到密文的数字，在查表，组合在一起就构成了密文。
  • 解密过程与加密类似
  • 解密函数： E(x) = a^-1(x-b) (mod 26), 这里a^-1是a关于26的乘法逆元。

• 代码：

  # write by 2021/6/28
  
  DIC = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
  
  
  # 辗转相除法
  def gcd(a, b):
      a, b = b, a % b
      # print(a, b)
      if b == 0:
          return a
      else:
          return gcd(a, b)
  
  
  # 扩展欧几里得算法
  def exgcd(a, b):
      if b == 0:
          return 1, 0
      x, y = exgcd(b, a % b)
      return y, x-(a//b)*y
  
  
  def encrypt_affine(string, a, b):
      ciphertext = ""
      if gcd(a, 26) != 1 and gcd(a, 26) != -1:
          return -1
      for i in string.lower():
          if i not in DIC:
              ciphertext += i
          else:
              ciphertext += DIC[(a*DIC.index(i)+b) % 26]
      return ciphertext
  
  
  # 直接遍历所有26可能，找到为止
  def decrypt2_affine(string, a, b):
      plaintext = ""
      if gcd(a, 26) != 1 and gcd(a, 26) != -1:
          return -1
      for i in string.lower():
          if i not in DIC:
              plaintext += i
          # (x*7+3)%26 = 4
          else:
              for x in range(26):
                  if (x*a + b) % 26 == DIC.index(i):
                      # print("x=", x)
                      plaintext += DIC[x]
                      break
      return plaintext
  
  
  # 根据扩展欧几里得算法找到乘法逆元，在求解
  def decrypt_affine(string, a, b):
      plaintext = ""
      if gcd(a, 26) != 1 and gcd(a, 26) != -1:
          return -1
      a_26_inv = exgcd(a, 26)[0]
      for i in string:
          if i not in DIC:
              return -1
          plaintext += DIC[a_26_inv*(DIC.index(i)-b) % 26]
      return plaintext
  
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      # print(exgcd(3, 26))
      a, b = 2, 21
      ciphertext_ = encrypt_affine("AFFINECIPHER", a, b)
      plaintext_ = decrypt_affine(ciphertext_, a, b)
      plaintext_2 = decrypt2_affine(ciphertext_, a, b)
      print(f"{plaintext_}: {ciphertext_}")
      print(f"{plaintext_2}: {ciphertext_}")