一、Hibernate概述
（开放源代码的对象关系映射框架）
Hibernate是一个开放源代码的对象关系映射框架，它对JDBC（Java Database Connectivity，Java数据库连接）进行了非常轻量级的对象封装，它将POJO与数据库表建立映射关系，是一个全自动的orm框架。
hibernate可以自动生成SQL语句，自动执行，使得Java程序员可以随心所欲的使用对象编程思维来操纵数据库。 Hibernate可以应用在任何使用JDBC的场合，既可以在Java的客户端程序使用，也可以在Servlet/JSP的Web应用中使用，最具革命意义的是，Hibernate可以在应用EJB的JavaEE架构中取代CMP，完成数据持久化的重任。
二、数据库连接（MVC——M）
-
IDEA连接过程Mysql数据库：
-
连接时可能出现的问题，原因是mysql没有设置时区：
IDEA连接mysql又报错！Server returns invalid timezone. Go to ‘Advanced’ tab and set ‘serverTimezone’ prope
三、Hibernate配置
-
新建项目时候：
-
当项目已建成时：
可以通过File——>Project Structure——>Modules中添加Hibernate技术
添加Hibernate配置文件：
四、Hibernate使用
创建持久化类，反向映射工程（表转化为类）:
Hibernate逻辑上屏蔽右侧，操作左侧
通过反向映射工程可以在创建的Database包下生成关于数据库中表的类
HibernateSessionFactory
Hibernate自动创建一个HibernateSessionFactory类，同样可以手动添加：
package Database;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
/**
* Configures and provides access to Hibernate sessions, tied to the
* current thread of execution. Follows the Thread Local Session
* pattern, see {@link http://hibernate.org/42.html }.
*/
public class HibernateSessionFactory {
/**
* Location of hibernate.cfg.xml file.
* Location should be on the classpath as Hibernate uses
* #resourceAsStream style lookup for its configuration file.
* The default classpath location of the hibernate config file is
* in the default package. Use #setConfigFile() to update
* the location of the configuration file for the current session.
*/
private static String CONFIG_FILE_LOCATION = "/hibernate.cfg.xml";
private static final ThreadLocal<Session> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Session>();
private static Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
private static org.hibernate.SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private static String configFile = CONFIG_FILE_LOCATION;
static {
try {
configuration.configure(configFile);
sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err
.println("%%%% Error Creating SessionFactory %%%%");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private HibernateSessionFactory() {
}
/**
* Returns the ThreadLocal Session instance. Lazy initialize
* the <code>SessionFactory</code> if needed.
*
* @return Session
* @throws HibernateException
*/
public static Session getSession() throws HibernateException {
Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get();
if (session == null || !session.isOpen()) {
if (sessionFactory == null) {
rebuildSessionFactory();
}
session = (sessionFactory != null) ? sessionFactory.openSession()
: null;
threadLocal.set(session);
}
return session;
}
/**
* Rebuild hibernate session factory
*
*/
public static void rebuildSessionFactory() {
try {
configuration.configure(configFile);
sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err
.println("%%%% Error Creating SessionFactory %%%%");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* Close the single hibernate session instance.
*
* @throws HibernateException
*/
public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException {
Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get();
threadLocal.set(null);
if (session != null) {
session.close();
}
}
/**
* return session factory
*
*/
public static org.hibernate.SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
return sessionFactory;
}
/**
* return session factory
*
* session factory will be rebuilded in the next call
*/
public static void setConfigFile(String configFile) {
HibernateSessionFactory.configFile = configFile;
sessionFactory = null;
}
/**
* return hibernate configuration
*
*/
public static Configuration getConfiguration() {
return configuration;
}
}
数据库事务操作类
在创建的Database包中新建一个OpdataDao类（数据库各种操作，事务处理）：
package Database;
import Reg.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.*;
import java.lang.*;
public class OpdataDao {
// sava可以将一个对象转存为数据库中的一条记录
public void save(Object o) {
// 从session工厂中获取一条数据库连接
Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();
// 事务
Transaction transaction = null;
// 数据库操作代码放到try
try {
// 开启事务
transaction = session.beginTransaction();
// 把对象转存为数据库中的一条记录
session.saveOrUpdate(o);
// 执行事务
transaction.commit();
}
//如果发生异常，将执行catch里面的代码
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("添加时发生错误----OperateDB.java" + e.toString());
if (transaction != null) {
// 事务回滚
transaction.rollback();
}
}
//关闭对数据库的连接
finally {
HibernateSessionFactory.closeSession();
}
}
public void delete(Object o) {
Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();
Transaction transaction = null;
try {
transaction = session.beginTransaction();
session.delete(o);
transaction.commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("删除时发生错误----OperateDB.java" + e.toString());
if (transaction != null) {
transaction.rollback();
}
} finally {
HibernateSessionFactory.closeSession();
}
}
public void update(Object o) {
Transaction transaction = null;
Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();
try {
transaction = session.beginTransaction();
session.update(o);
transaction.commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("添加时发生错误----OperateDB.java" + e.toString());
if (transaction != null) {
transaction.rollback();
}
} finally {
HibernateSessionFactory.closeSession();
}
}
public List select(String sql) {
Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();
Transaction transaction = null;
List list = new ArrayList();
try {
transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery(sql);
list = query.list();
transaction.commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
if (transaction != null) {
transaction.rollback();
}
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
HibernateSessionFactory.closeSession();
}
return list;
}
public List findByPage(String hql, int offset, int pageSize) {
// 通过一个HibernateCallback对象来执行查询
Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();
Transaction transaction = null;
List list = new ArrayList();
try {
transaction = session.beginTransaction();
list = session.createQuery(hql).setFirstResult(offset)
.setMaxResults(pageSize).list();
transaction.commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
if (transaction != null) {
transaction.rollback();
}
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
HibernateSessionFactory.closeSession();
}
return list;
}
public int getRows(String hql) {
return select(hql).size();
}
}
数据写库处理类
更新之前Struts2框架下的RegDeal中的代码，用于注册界面的数据处理（信息写入数据库）：
package Reg;
import Database.*;
import java.util.List;
public class RegDeal {
private String username;
private String userpassword;
private String email;
private String userclass;
private String address;
private String showinfo;
//写操作数据库的程序
public String todatabase()
{
if("tom".equals(username))
{
showinfo=username+"已经注册过！";
return "error";
}
else if("".equals(username)||"".equals(userpassword))
{
showinfo="用户名或密码不能为空！";
return "error";
}
else
{
User u=new User();
u.setUsername(username);
u.setAddress(address);
u.setEmail(email);
u.setUserpassword(userpassword);
u.setUserclass(userclass);
OpdataDao op=new OpdataDao();
String sql="from User as u where username='"+username+"'";
List userlist=op.select(sql);
if(userlist.size()>0){
showinfo="用户名已注册";
return "error";
}else{
op.save(u);
return "success";
}
}
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getUserpassword() {
return userpassword;
}
public void setUserpassword(String userpassword) {
this.userpassword = userpassword;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String getUserclass() {
return userclass;
}
public void setUserclass(String userclass) {
this.userclass = userclass;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String getShowinfo() {
return showinfo;
}
public void setShowinfo(String showinfo) {
this.showinfo = showinfo;
}
}
数据查询处理类
新建一个Log包，并创建一个LoginDeal类，用于登录界面的数据处理（在数据库中对数据进行查询等操作）：
package Log;
import Database.*;
import java.util.List;
public class LoginDeal {
private String username;
private String userpassword;
private String showinfo;
public String login()
{
if("".equals(username)||"".equals(userpassword))
{
showinfo="用户名或密码不能为空！";
return "error";
}else{
OpdataDao od=new OpdataDao();
String sql="from User as u where username='"+username+"' and userpassword='"+userpassword+"'";
String sql1="from User as u where username='"+username+"'";
//select * from user as u where username='username' and userpassword='userpassword'
List userlist=od.select(sql);
List userlist1=od.select(sql1);
if(userlist.size()>0){
System.out.println(userlist.size());
return "success";
}else if(userlist.size()<=0 && userlist1.size()>0){
showinfo="用户密码错误";
return "error";
}else{
showinfo="用户不存在";
return "error";
}
}
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getUserpassword() {
return userpassword;
}
public void setUserpassword(String userpassword) {
this.userpassword = userpassword;
}
public String getShowinfo() {
return showinfo;
}
public void setShowinfo(String showinfo) {
this.showinfo = showinfo;
}
}
五、遇到的问题
数据库表中主键设置为自增时，可能遇到冲突问题：
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