Centos7安装最新版Jenkins安装启动失败解决方案

首先，Jenkins官方提示后期最新版不在支持Centos7，所以建议还是用Ubuntu系统好点。

我这里是2023年12月安装的jenkins-2.426.2-1.1.noarch.rpm，不建议用docker安装，不然得去容器里面安装Git、JDK、NodeJS、Maven等，或者挂载进去，感觉搞不太懂。

安装与卸载：

1、安装与卸载
安装：rpm -ivh jenkins-2.426.2-1.1.noarch.rpm
卸载：rpm -e --nodeps jenkins-2.426.2-1.1.noarch

如果不知道安装的是什么版本，可以rpm -qa | grep jenkins查询

2、在启动前，旧版本的Jenkins配置文件是在/etc/sysconfig/jenkins，但是新版本的配置文件是/usr/lib/systemd/system/jenkins.service这个文件，文件描述让用户使用systemctl edit jenkins来修改，我并没有这么做，感觉麻烦，直接改的，修改后的全部文件在下面

#
# This file is managed by systemd(1). Do NOT edit this file manually!
# To override these settings, run:
#
#     systemctl edit jenkins
#
# For more information about drop-in files, see:
#
#     https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.unit.html
#

[Unit]
Description=Jenkins Continuous Integration Server
Requires=network.target
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=notify
NotifyAccess=main
ExecStart=/usr/bin/jenkins
Restart=on-failure
SuccessExitStatus=143

# Configures the time to wait for start-up. If Jenkins does not signal start-up
# completion within the configured time, the service will be considered failed
# and will be shut down again. Takes a unit-less value in seconds, or a time span
# value such as "5min 20s". Pass "infinity" to disable the timeout logic.
#TimeoutStartSec=90

# Unix account that runs the Jenkins daemon
# Be careful when you change this, as you need to update the permissions of
# $JENKINS_HOME, $JENKINS_LOG, and (if you have already run Jenkins)
# $JENKINS_WEBROOT.
User=root # 修改
Group=root # 修改

# Directory where Jenkins stores its configuration and workspaces

# 这里需要在shell用root用户修改一下JENKINS_HOME的目录所有者，chown -R root:root /var/lib/jenkins/
# 建议修改插件地址为清华源，不然下载插件很慢甚至失败，vi /var/lib/jenkins/hudson.model.UpdateCenter.xml
# https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/jenkins/updates/update-center.json
Environment="JENKINS_HOME=/var/lib/jenkins"
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/jenkins



# Location of the Jenkins WAR
#Environment="JENKINS_WAR=/usr/share/java/jenkins.war"

# Location of the exploded WAR
Environment="JENKINS_WEBROOT=%C/jenkins/war"

# Location of the Jenkins log. By default, systemd-journald(8) is used.
Environment="JENKINS_LOG=/var/log/jenkins/jenkins.log"  # 修改，自己的手动去创建jenkins目录，否则启动报错

# The Java home directory. When left empty, JENKINS_JAVA_CMD and PATH are consulted.
Environment="JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk17"  # 修改，Jenkins提示用最新的JDK，实际上JDK11也可以，服务器上可以不用配置JDK，因为我打包用的是JDK8，只需要指定一下路径即可

# The Java executable. When left empty, JAVA_HOME and PATH are consulted.
Environment="JENKINS_JAVA_CMD=/usr/local/jdk17/bin/java"  # 这里需要根据上面配置的JDK来指定java可执行程序的位置，一般就在JDK目录的bin下面

# Arguments for the Jenkins JVM
Environment="JAVA_OPTS=-Djava.awt.headless=true"

# IP address to listen on for HTTP requests.
# The default is to listen on all interfaces (0.0.0.0).
#Environment="JENKINS_LISTEN_ADDRESS="

# Port to listen on for HTTP requests. Set to -1 to disable.
# To be able to listen on privileged ports (port numbers less than 1024),
# add the CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE capability to the AmbientCapabilities
# directive below.
Environment="JENKINS_PORT=8080"

# IP address to listen on for HTTPS requests. Default is disabled.
#Environment="JENKINS_HTTPS_LISTEN_ADDRESS="

# Port to listen on for HTTPS requests. Default is disabled.
# To be able to listen on privileged ports (port numbers less than 1024),
# add the CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE capability to the AmbientCapabilities
# directive below.
#Environment="JENKINS_HTTPS_PORT=443"

# Path to the keystore in JKS format (as created by the JDK's keytool).
# Default is disabled.
#Environment="JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE=/path/to/keystore.jks"

# Password to access the keystore defined in JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE.
# Default is disabled.
#Environment="JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD=s3cR3tPa55w0rD"

# IP address to listen on for HTTP2 requests. Default is disabled.
#Environment="JENKINS_HTTP2_LISTEN_ADDRESS="

# HTTP2 port to listen on. Default is disabled.
# To be able to listen on privileged ports (port numbers less than 1024),
# add the CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE capability to the AmbientCapabilities
# directive below.
#Environment="JENKINS_HTTP2_PORT="

# Controls which capabilities to include in the ambient capability set for the
# executed process. Takes a whitespace-separated list of capability names, e.g.
# CAP_SYS_ADMIN, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE, CAP_SYS_PTRACE. Ambient capability sets are
# useful if you want to execute a process as a non-privileged user but still
# want to give it some capabilities. For example, add the CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
# capability to be able to listen on privileged ports (port numbers less than
# 1024).
#AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE

# Debug level for logs. The higher the value, the more verbose. 5 is INFO.
#Environment="JENKINS_DEBUG_LEVEL=5"

# Set to true to enable logging to /var/log/jenkins/access_log.
#Environment="JENKINS_ENABLE_ACCESS_LOG=false"

# Servlet context (important if you want to use reverse proxying)
#Environment="JENKINS_PREFIX=/jenkins"

# Arbitrary additional arguments to pass to Jenkins.
# Full option list: java -jar jenkins.war --help
#Environment="JENKINS_OPTS="

# Maximum core file size. If unset, the value from the OS is inherited.
#LimitCORE=infinity

# Maximum file size. If unset, the value from the OS is inherited.
#LimitFSIZE=infinity

# File descriptor limit. If unset, the value from the OS is inherited.
#LimitNOFILE=8192

# Maximum number of processes. If unset, the value from the OS is inherited.
#LimitNPROC=32768

# Set the umask to control the permission bits of files that Jenkins creates.
#
# 0027 makes files read-only for group and inaccessible for others, which some
# security sensitive users might consider beneficial, especially if Jenkins
# is running on a server that is used for multiple purposes. Beware that 0027
# permissions would interfere with sudo scripts that run on the controller
# (see JENKINS-25065).
#
# Note also that the particularly sensitive parts of $JENKINS_HOME (such as
# credentials) are always written without 'other' access. So the umask values
# only affect job configuration, build records, etc.
#
# If unset, the value from the OS is inherited, which is normally 0022.
# The default umask comes from pam_umask(8) and /etc/login.defs.
#UMask=0022

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

3、建议不要直接复制粘贴我这个文件内容，自己动手去修改安装的时候自动生成的，避免版本不一致内容有变化

4、修改完成后执行systemctl daemon-reload重新加载配置文件，systemctl enable jenkins.service --now，设置Jenkins开机启动，--now表示马上启动

至于怎么安装插件、配置流水线，自行百度啦