sql习题

后端开发语言比较多，不过我感觉开发中都是通过语言间接操作数据库，主要还是面向数据库编程。这里接触比较多的是数据库，学习Sql尤其必要。参考出处

-- 学生表
create table Student(SId varchar(10),Sname varchar(10),Sage datetime,Ssex varchar(10));
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-12-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-12-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-01-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-01-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('09' , '张三' , '2017-12-20' , '女');
insert into Student values('10' , '李四' , '2017-12-25' , '女');
insert into Student values('11' , '李四' , '2012-06-06' , '女');
insert into Student values('12' , '赵六' , '2013-06-13' , '女');
insert into Student values('13' , '孙七' , '2014-06-01' , '女');
-- 课程表
create table Course(CId varchar(10),Cname nvarchar(10),TId varchar(10));
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');
-- 老师表
create table Teacher(TId varchar(10),Tname varchar(10));
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');
-- 成绩表
create table SC(SId varchar(10),CId varchar(10),score decimal(18,1));
insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98);



-- 查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
SELECT c.*,a.score FROM 
    (SELECT * FROM SC WHERE CId = '01') a, 
    (SELECT * FROM SC WHERE CId = '02') b,
    Student c
WHERE a.score > b.score AND a.SId = b.SId AND a.SId = c.SId;

--查询同时存在" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的情况
SELECT a.* FROM Student a,
    (SELECT CId,SId from SC WHERE CId = '01') b,
    (SELECT CId,SId from SC WHERE CId = '02') c
WHERE a.SId = b.SId AND b.SId = c.SId;

-- 查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )
-- 查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的情况
SELECT a.*,b.score FROM Student a, (
    SELECT * FROM SC WHERE CId = 02 AND SId NOT IN (
        SELECT SId FROM SC WHERE CId = 01
    )
) b
WHERE a.SId = b.SId;

-- 查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息
SELECT * FROM student WHERE SId IN (
    SELECT DISTINCT(sid) FROM SC
);

-- 查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )
select * from student st left join 
(
    select a.sid,a.count,b.sum from 
    (SELECT SId,COUNT(cid) count FROM SC GROUP BY SId) a
    right join
    (SELECT Sid,SUM(score)  sum FROM SC GROUP BY SId) b
    on a.sid = b.sid
) sc 
on st.SId = sc.sid;

-- 查询「李」姓老师的数量
select count(tid) from teacher where tname like '李%';

-- 查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息
select st.* from student st, sc, course c, teacher t
where st.sid = sc.sid and sc.cid = c.cid and c.tid = t.tid and t.tname = '张三'; 

-- 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
select * from student st where sid not in (
    select sid from sc group by sid having count(cid) = (
        select count(cid) from course
    )    
);

-- 查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息
select a.* from student a, 
(
    select DISTINCT(sid) from sc where cid in (
        select DISTINCT(cid) from sc where sid = 01
    )and sid <> 01
) b
where a.sid = b.sid;

-- 查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程 完全相同的其他同学的信息

-- 查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
select sname from student where sid not in (
    select DISTINCT(a.sid) from sc a, course b, teacher c
    where a.cid = b.cid and b.tid = c.tid and c.tname = '张三'
);

-- 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩
-- 成绩表先用where过滤一遍成绩不及格的，然后根据sid分组过滤次数大于2的
select sid from sc where score < 60 group by sid having count(cid) >= 2;
select sid, avg(score) avgScore from sc group by sid;
-- 学生表，两门以上不及格学生id表, 平均成绩表，三表联查
select a.sid,a.sname,c.avgScore from student a,
(select sid from sc where score < 60 group by sid having count(cid) >= 2) b,
(select sid, avg(score) avgScore from sc group by sid) c
where a.sid = b.sid and b.sid = c.sid;

-- 检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60，按分数降序排列的学生信息
select a.*,b.score from student a,
(select * from sc where cid = 01 and score < 60) b
where a.sid = b.sid order by b.score desc;

-- 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
--显示学生的所有课程成绩  内连接 也可以1对多显示
select st.*, sc.cid, sc.score, d.avgScore from student st, sc,
(select sid,avg(score) avgScore from sc group by sid) d
where st.sid = sc.sid and sc.sid = d.sid order by d.avgScore desc;

-- 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：
select a.*, b.maxScore, b.minScore, b.avgScore from course a left join 
(select cid,max(score) maxScore, min(score) minScore, avg(score) avgScore from sc group by cid) b
on a.cid = b.cid;

-- 查询各科成绩前三名的记录

-- 查询每门课程被选修的学生数
select a.*, b.countSid from course a,
(select cid,count(sid) countSid from sc group by cid) b
where a.cid = b.cid;

-- 查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名
select a.sid,a.sname from student a,
(select sid from sc group by sid having count(cid) = 2) b
where a.sid = b.sid;

-- 查询男生、女生人数
--按照性别分组查询人数
select ssex, count(sid) from student group by ssex;

--查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息
select * from student where sname like '%风%';

-- 查询同名学生名单，并统计同名人数
select a.*,b.countSid from student a,
(select sname,count(sid) countSid from student group by sname having count(sid) > 1) b
where a.sname = b.sname;

-- 查询 1990 年出生的学生名单
select * from student where Sage like '1990%';

-- 查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列
select * from course a,
(select cid,avg(score) avgScore from sc group by cid) b
where a.cid = b.cid;

-- 查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
select a.*,b.avgScore from student a,
(select sid,avg(score) avgScore from sc group by sid having avgScore > 85) b
where a.sid = b.sid;

-- 查询课程名称为「数学」，且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数
select a.sname,b.score from student a, sc b, course c
where a.sid = b.sid and b.cid = c.cid 
and c.cname = '数学' and b.score < 60;

-- 查询所有学生的课程及分数情况（存在学生没成绩，没选课的情况）
select st.sid,st.sname,d.cname,sc.score from student st 
left join sc on st.sid = sc.sid
left join course d on sc.cid = d.cid 
order by st.sid;

-- 查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
select st.sname,c.cname,sc.score from student st, sc, course c
where st.sid = sc.sid and sc.cid = c.cid 
and sc.score > 70;

-- 查询学生不及格的课程
select a.sname, c.cname from student a, 
(select sid,cid from sc where score < 60) b,
course c
where a.sid = b.sid and b.cid = c.cid;

-- 查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名
select st.sid,st.sname from student st, sc
where st.sid = sc.sid and (sc.cid = 01 and sc.score >= 80);

-- 求每门课程的学生人数
select a.cname,b.countSid from course a 
left join (select cid,count(sid) countSid from sc group by cid) b on a.cid = b.cid; 

-- 成绩不重复，查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
-- 各科目最高分学生id
select a.* from sc a,
(select cid,max(score) maxScore from sc group by cid) b
where a.cid = b.cid and a.score = b.maxScore

select st.*,sc.score from student st,
(
    select a.* from sc a,
    (select cid,max(score) maxScore from sc group by cid) b
    where a.cid = b.cid and a.score = b.maxScore
) sc, course c, teacher t
where st.sid = sc.sid and sc.cid = c.cid and c.tid = t.tid 
and t.tname = "张三";

-- 查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
select score,count(sid) from sc group by score having count(sid) >= 2;

-- 统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过 5 人的课程才统计）。
select a.*,b.countSid from course a,
(select cid,count(sid) countSid from sc group by cid having countSid > 5) b
where a.cid = b.cid;
-- 检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
select sid,count(cid) from sc group by sid having count(cid) >= 2;
-- 查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
select a.* from student a, 
(
    select sid,count(cid) countSid from sc group by sid having countSid = (
        select count(cid) from course
    )
) b
where a.sid = b.sid;

-- 查询各学生的年龄，只按年份来算
-- 按照出生日期来算，当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则，年龄减一
select sid,sname,(TIMESTAMPDIFF(YEAR, Sage, CURDATE())) Sage from student
-- 查询本周过生日的学生
select * from student where WEEKOFYEAR(Sage) = WEEKOFYEAR(CURDATE());
-- 查询下周过生日的学生
select * from student where WEEKOFYEAR(Sage) = WEEKOFYEAR(CURDATE())+1;
-- 查询本月过生日的学生
select * from student where MONTH(Sage) = MONTH(CURDATE());
-- 查询下月过生日的学生
select * from student where MONTH(Sage) = MONTH(CURDATE())+1;