K8s集群--YAML文件

概述

k8s支持使用YAML和JSON格式的文件来创建资源对象，相比较而言：

• json格式的文件用于接口之间消息的传递，更适合二次开发
• yaml格式的文件只是一种简洁的非标记性语言，更适合运维

YAML的文件格式和注意事项

• 不支持制表符tab键缩进，需要使用空格缩进，使用缩进表示层级关系
• 通常开头缩进2个空格，缩进的空格数不重要，只要相同层级的元素左对齐即可
• 字符后缩进一个空格，如冒号、逗号、横杆
• 用#号注释
• 如果包含特殊字符用单引号引起来
• 布尔值必须用引号括起来
• —表示yaml文件格式的分割

使用YAML文件创建资源对象

1、查看资源版本标签

[root@master ~]# kubectl api-versions
admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
apps/v1
apps/v1beta1
apps/v1beta2
authentication.k8s.io/v1
authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1
authorization.k8s.io/v1
authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
autoscaling/v1
autoscaling/v2beta1
autoscaling/v2beta2
batch/v1
batch/v1beta1
certificates.k8s.io/v1beta1
coordination.k8s.io/v1beta1
events.k8s.io/v1beta1
extensions/v1beta1
kuboard.cn/v1
networking.k8s.io/v1
policy/v1beta1
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
scheduling.k8s.io/v1beta1
storage.k8s.io/v1
storage.k8s.io/v1beta1
v1

2、创建目录，编辑测试文件

[root@master test]# vim nginx-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1	'//指定api版本标签'
kind: Deployment	'//定义资源的类型/角色，deployment为控制器'
metadata:	'//定义资源的元数据'
  name: nginx-deployment	'//定义资源的名称，在同一个namespace中必须唯一'
  labels:	'//定义资源的标签'
    app: nginx	
spec:	'//定义容器模板'
  replicas: 3	'//定义副本数量'
  selector:	'//选择器'
    matchLabels:	'//匹配标签'
      app: nginx	'//匹配模板名称'
  template:	'//模板'
    metadata:	
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:	'//定义容器信息'
      - name: nginx	'//-：表示参数，容器名，与标签名要相同'
        image: nginx:1.15.4	'//容器使用的镜像以及版本'
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80	'//定义容器的对外端口'

3、创建资源对象

[root@master test]# kubectl create -f nginx-deployment.yaml 
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created
[root@master test]# kubectl get pods
NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-7rp7w   1/1     Running   0          55s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-lzdc8   1/1     Running   0          55s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-x2xjq   1/1     Running   0          55s

4、创建service服务对外提供访问并测试

[root@master test]# vim nginx-service.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: nginx
[root@master test]# kubectl create -f nginx-service.yaml 
service/nginx-service created
[root@master test]# kubectl get svc
NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes      ClusterIP   10.0.0.1     <none>        443/TCP        13d
nginx-service   NodePort    10.0.0.206   <none>        80:32307/TCP   3m41s

自动测试命令的正确性，并不执行创建

[root@master test]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created (dry run)

查看生成yaml格式

[root@master test]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run -o yaml
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    run: nginx-deployment
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      run: nginx-deployment
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        run: nginx-deployment
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx-deployment
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        resources: {}
status: {}

查看生成json格式

[root@master test]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run -o json
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
{
    "kind": "Deployment",
    "apiVersion": "apps/v1beta1",
    "metadata": {
        "name": "nginx-deployment",
        "creationTimestamp": null,
        "labels": {
            "run": "nginx-deployment"
        }
    },
    "spec": {
        "replicas": 3,
        "selector": {
            "matchLabels": {
                "run": "nginx-deployment"
            }
        },
        "template": {
            "metadata": {
                "creationTimestamp": null,
                "labels": {
                    "run": "nginx-deployment"
                }
            },
            "spec": {
                "containers": [
                    {
                        "name": "nginx-deployment",
                        "image": "nginx",
                        "ports": [
                            {
                                "containerPort": 80
                            }
                        ],
                        "resources": {}
                    }
                ]
            }
        },
        "strategy": {}
    },
    "status": {}
}

将生成的yaml导入到文本中方便查看

[root@master test]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run -o yaml > my-deployment.yaml
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
[root@master test]# vim my-deployment.yaml 

apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    run: nginx-deployment
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      run: nginx-deployment
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        run: nginx-deployment
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx-deployment

将现有的资源生成模板导出

[root@master test]# kubectl get deploy/nginx-deployment --export -o yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations:
    deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: "1"
  creationTimestamp: null
  generation: 1
  labels:
    app: nginx
  name: nginx-deployment
  selfLink: /apis/extensions/v1beta1/namespaces/default/deployments/nginx-deployment
spec:
  progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
  replicas: 3
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 25%
      maxUnavailable: 25%
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx:1.15.4
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          protocol: TCP
        resources: {}
        terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
        terminationMessagePolicy: File
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      restartPolicy: Always
      schedulerName: default-scheduler
      securityContext: {}
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
status: {}

保存到文件中

[root@master test]# kubectl get deploy/nginx-deployment --export -o yaml >my-deployment.yaml 

查看字段帮助信息

[root@master test]# kubectl explain pods.spec.containers

详解k8s中的port

port
port是k8s集群内部访问service的端口，即通过clusterIP: port可以访问到某个service。

nodePort
nodePort是外部访问k8s集群中service的端口，通过nodeIP: nodePort可以从外部访问到某个service。

targetPort
targetPort是pod的端口，从port和nodePort来的流量经过kube-proxy流入到后端pod的targetPort上，最后进入容器。

containerPort
containerPort是pod内部容器的端口，targetPort映射到containerPort。