概述
笔记参考来源狂神说Java视频https://space.bilibili.com/95256449/channel/seriesdetail?sid=393820
- 计算机网络
- 计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
- 网络编程的目的:
- 无线电台…传播交流信息,数据交换。通信
- 想要达到这个效果需要什么:
- 如何准确地定位网络上的一台主机192.168.16.124:端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源 找到了这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
- javaweb:网页编程 B/S
- 网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信
- 通信双方地址:ip 端口号:192.168.16.124:5900
- 规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型
小结
- 网络编程中主要有两个问题:
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
- 网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号 IP
- 网络通信写协议 UDP,TCP
- 万物皆对象
IP
ip地址:inetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
-
127.0.0.1:本机localhost
-
ip地址的分类
- ipv4/ipv6
- IPV4:127.0.0.1,四个字节组成。0 ~ 255, 42亿~;30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿。2001年就用尽了;
- IPV6:fe80::755f:fc6c:2ebc:b6e6%18,128位。8个无符号整数!
- ipv4/ipv6
ip地址分类
- 公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx,专门给组织内部使用的
- 域名:记忆 IP问题!
- IP:www.vip.com
package com.ip.lesson01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试ip
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddresses1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddresses1);
//查询网站ip地址
InetAddress inetAddresses2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddresses2);
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddresses3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddresses3);
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddresses4 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddresses4);
//常用方法
// System.out.println(inetAddresses2.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddresses2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddresses2.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddresses2.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
端口
端口概述
- 端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程;不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
- 被规定0 ~ 065535
- TCP:0 ~ 65535;UDP:0 ~ 65535。 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
- 端口分配(默认端口)
- 公有端口 0 ~ 1023
- HTTP :80
- HTTPSP:443
- FTPP :21
- TelentP :23
- 程序注册端口:1024 ~ 49151,分配给用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1512
- 动态、私有(某些软件操配的,不建议大家使用此范围端口):49152 ~ 65535
- 公有端口 0 ~ 1023
常用端口命令
- netstat -ano #查看所有的端口
- netstat -ano | finstr “5900” #查看指定的端口
- tasklist | findstr “8696” #查看进程号对应的进程
package com.ip.lesson01;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress);
System.out.println(socketAddress2);
System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址
System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口
}
}
通信协议
概念
- 协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的是普通话。
- TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
- 重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
- 出名的协议:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- IP:网络互连协议
TCP/UDP对比
-
TCP:
- 好比打电话,连接,稳定
- 三次握手 四次挥手 最少需要三次,保证稳定连接!
- 客户端、服务端角色清晰
- 传输完成,释放连接,效率低
-
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你…类似导弹攻击;DDOS:洪水攻击!(饱和攻击)
TCP实现聊天
- 客户端代码
package com.ip.lesson01;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址,端口号
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
//3.发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("lbw 牛逼".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
- 服务端代码
package com.ip.lesson01;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket =null;
Socket socket =null;
InputStream is =null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true){
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if (baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
- 注意:
- 启动时先启动服务端,再启动客户端。
- 流的关闭不要忘记写!
TCP实现文件上传
- 客户端代码
package com.kuang.net;
import com.sun.deploy.util.SessionState;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TestClientSocket2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream outputStream = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = null;
InputStream inputStream = null;
try {
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(new File("D:\\Codes\\kuang.study\\JUC\\src\\main\\java\\com\\kuang\\net\\pic\\cat.jpeg"));
socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 1111);
outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len=0;
while ((len=fileInputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
outputStream.write(bytes,0,len);
}
socket.shutdownOutput();
inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
while ((len=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
byteArrayOutputStream.write(bytes,0,len);
}
System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(byteArrayOutputStream != null){
try {
byteArrayOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(inputStream != null){
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(outputStream != null){
try {
outputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(fileInputStream != null){
try {
fileInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
- 服务端代码
package com.kuang.net;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TestServerSocket2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket accept = null;
InputStream inputStream = null;
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
OutputStream outputStream = null;
try {
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(1111);
accept = serverSocket.accept();
inputStream = accept.getInputStream();
fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("D:\\Codes\\kuang.study\\JUC\\src\\main\\java\\com\\kuang\\net\\pic\\cat1.jpeg");
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len=0;
while ((len=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
fileOutputStream.write(bytes,0,len);
}
outputStream = accept.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("服务端收到图片啦!".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(outputStream != null){
try {
outputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(fileOutputStream != null){
try {
fileOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(inputStream != null){
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(accept != null){
try {
accept.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(serverSocket != null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
- 注意:使用TCP方式上传文件的话,客户端传完文件,需要加socket.shutdownOutput();否则上述代码会卡住。
UDP消息发送
- 发送方代码
package com.ip.lesson02;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好啊,服务器";
// 发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
- 接收方代码
package com.ip.lesson02;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客户端的链接!
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
UDP聊天实现
- 发送方代码
package com.ip.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
- 接收方代码
package com.ip.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveDate = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveDate);
if (receiveDate.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
UDP聊天(两边通话)
package com.ip.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
try {
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveDate = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveDate);
if (receiveDate.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.ip.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
String data = null;
try {
data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.ip.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"老师")).start();
}
}
package com.ip.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"学生")).start();
}
}
URL
- https://www.baidu.com/
- 资源定位符:定位资源,定位互联网上某一个资源
- DNS域名解析 www.baidu.com -> ip
- 域名组成:协议://ip地址:端口号/项目名/资源
URL类常用方法
public static void test1() throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%8C%AB/22261?fr=aladdin");
//443
System.out.println("获取与此url关联的协议的默认端口:" + url.getDefaultPort());
//端口号后面的内容
// /item/%E7%8C%AB/22261?fr=aladdin
System.out.println("getFile:" + url.getFile());
//baike.baidu.com
System.out.println("主机名:" + url.getHost());
//端口号后,参数前的内容
// /item/%E7%8C%AB/22261
System.out.println("路径:" + url.getPath());
//如果www.google.cn:80则返回80.否则返回-1
//-1
System.out.println("端口:" + url.getPort());
//https
System.out.println("协议:" + url.getProtocol());
//fr=aladdin
System.out.println("参数部分:" + url.getQuery());
//null
System.out.println("锚点:" + url.getRef());
URL u1 = new URL("http://www.abc.com/aa/");
URL u2 = new URL(url, "XXXXX"); // 相对路径构建url对象
System.out.println(u2.toString()); // https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%8C%AB/XXXXX
}
用URL下载网络资源
- 下载网络歌曲
package com.kuang.net;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
public class TestURLDownLoad {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
URL url = new URL("https://webfs.yun.kugou.com/202103071505/7edde7c68c9319c3b0f8ed4720c838c7/part/0/960121/KGTX/CLTX001/66b756fb1331807b032ef97f7ba9948e.mp3");
HttpsURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpsURLConnection)url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("D:\\Codes\\kuang.study\\JUC\\src\\main\\java\\com\\kuang\\net\\pic\\aa.mp3");
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int temp=0;
while ((temp=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
fileOutputStream.write(bytes,0,temp);
}
//这里关闭流简写,正常需要try-catch-finally
fileOutputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}