面向对象程序--图书管理系统(命令行界面)(Java
核心需求:
1.用户能够灯都到系统上
用户分为两种角色:管理员、普通用户
2.管理员
a)查阅某个书籍信息
b)增加书籍
c)删除书籍
d)查看所有书籍列表
e)退出程序
3.普通用户
a)查阅某个书籍信息
b)借阅书籍
c)归还书籍
d)退出程序
代码如下:
//IOperation.java
package BookSystem.Operation;
import BookSystem.BookList;
public interface IOperation {
void work(BookList bookList);
}
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//AddOperation.java
package BookSystem.Operation;
import BookSystem.Book;
import BookSystem.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
// 往 BookList 中新增一本书
public class AddOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
// 里面实现具体的新增书籍操作
System.out.println("新增书籍!");
System.out.println("请输入新增的书籍的名称: ");
String name = scanner.next();
System.out.println("请输入新增书籍的作者: ");
String author = scanner.next();
System.out.println("请输入新增书籍的价格: ");
Double price = scanner.nextDouble();
System.out.println("请输入新增书籍的类别: ");
String type = scanner.next();
Book newBook = new Book(name,author,price,type) ;
// 把这本新的书放到 BookList 末尾
int curSize = bookList.getSize();
bookList.setBook(curSize,newBook);
bookList.setSize(curSize + 1);
System.out.println("新增书籍成功!!!");
}
}
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//BorrowOperation.java
package BookSystem.Operation;
import BookSystem.Book;
import BookSystem.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
// 实现借书操作
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("借阅书籍!");
System.out.println("请输入需要借阅的书籍名: ");
String name = scanner.next();
// 找到指定书籍位置
int i = 0;
for (; i < bookList.getSize(); i++) {
if (name.equals(bookList.getBook(i).getName())) {
break;
}
}
if (i >= bookList.getSize()) {
// 未找到
System.out.println("未找到指定书籍,无法借阅");
return;
}
// 若找到书籍,再判断当前这本书是否已经借出
Book currentBook = bookList.getBook(i);
if (currentBook.isBorrowed()) {
// 已经被借阅,不能继续借阅
System.out.println("该书已经被借出!");
return;
}
bookList.getBook(i).setBorrowed(true);
System.out.println("借书成功!");
}
}
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//DelOperation.java
package BookSystem.Operation;
import BookSystem.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class DelOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
// 实现删除一指定书籍操作
System.out.println("删除书籍!");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入需要删除的书籍信息: ");
String delName = scanner.next();
int i = 0;
for (; i < bookList.getSize(); i++) {
if (delName.equals(bookList.getBook(i).getName())) {
break;
}
}
if (i >= bookList.getSize()) {
// 未找到输入书名,删除失败
System.out.println("未找到 [" + delName + "] 删除失败!! ");
return;
}
// 如果找到匹配的书名,就把 i 位置的元素删除掉即可
if (i == bookList.getSize() - 1) {
bookList.setSize(bookList.getSize() - 1);
System.out.println("删除成功!!");
return;
}
// 如果要是需要删除中间元素
// 先把最后一个元素给赋值到要删除元素位置
bookList.setBook(i,bookList.getBook(bookList.getSize() - 1));
// 再删除最后一个元素
bookList.setSize(bookList.getSize() - 1);
System.out.println("删除成功!!");
}
}
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//DisplayOperation.java
package BookSystem.Operation;
import BookSystem.BookList;
// 把 BookList 中的所有信息打印出来
public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
// 实现查阅操作
System.out.println("查阅书籍!");
for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getSize(); i++) {
System.out.println(bookList.getBook(i));
}
}
}
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//ExitOperation.java
package BookSystem.Operation;
import BookSystem.BookList;
public class ExitOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
// 实现退出程序操作
System.out.println("退出程序!");
// 通过这里的 exit 方法就可以直接结束当前程序(结束了当前JVM 对应的Java进程
System.exit(0);
}
}
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//FindOperation.java
package BookSystem.Operation;
import BookSystem.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FindOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
// 实现寻找指定一本书籍的操作
System.out.println("查找书籍!");
// 让用户输入数名,进行查找
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入要查找的书名: ");
String name = scanner.next();
// 循环遍历书籍列表
for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getSize(); i++) {
if (bookList.getBook(i).getName().contains(name)) {
System.out.println(bookList.getBook(i));
}
}
// System.out.println("您查找的书书籍 [" + "] 未找到");
}
}
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//ReturnOperation.java
package BookSystem.Operation;
import BookSystem.Book;
import BookSystem.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
// 实现还书操作
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("归还书籍!");
System.out.println("请输入要归还的书籍名称: ");
String name = scanner.next();
int i =0;
for ( ; i < bookList.getSize(); i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
break;
}
}
if (i >= bookList.getSize()) {
System.out.println("书籍未找到,无法归还!");
return;
}
// 判定当前这本书是否已经借阅的状态,如果没借出也就不必归还了
Book currentBook = bookList.getBook(i);
if (!currentBook.isBorrowed()) {
System.out.println("这本书没有借出,无法归还!");
return;
}
currentBook.setBorrowed(false);
System.out.println("归还书记成功!");
return;
}
}
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//Admin.java
package BookSystem;
import BookSystem.Operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Admin extends User {
// public String name;
// // 管理员支持的操作 ,看起来这是一个 接口数组, 实际上知道接口不能实例化
// // 所以这个数组中放置的内容,就是实现了该接口的实例
// private IOperation[] operations;
// 构造方法
public Admin(String name) {
this.name = name;
this.operations = new IOperation[] {
new FindOperation(),
new AddOperation(),
new DelOperation(),
new DisplayOperation(),
new ExitOperation(),
};
}
@Override
public int menu() {
System.out.println("==================");
System.out.println("Hello! " + name + ",欢迎使用咱们的图书管理系统");
System.out.println("1.查阅书籍信息");
System.out.println("2.新增书籍信息");
System.out.println("3.删除书籍信息");
System.out.println("4.打印书籍列表");
System.out.println("5.退出系统");
System.out.println("==================");
System.out.println("请输入您的选择: ");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
return choice;
}
}
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//Book.java
package BookSystem;
// Book 类用来表示一本书的信息
// 这些信息通过 Book 类的属性来表示
public class Book {
// 能用 private 就尽量用
private String name;
private String author;
private double price;
private String type;
private boolean isBorrowed = false;
// 布尔类型初始化程序可读性更高
// 使用构造方法对这些私有成员进行初始化
public Book(String name, String author, double price, String type) {
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
this.price = price;
this.type = type;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", author='" + author + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", type='" + type + '\'' +
", isBorrowed=" + isBorrowed +
'}';
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
isBorrowed = borrowed;
}
public boolean isBorrowed() {
return isBorrowed;
}
}
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//BookList.java
package BookSystem;
// 通过这个类把多个 Book 对象组织起来
public class BookList {
// 100 相当于这个 BookList 的 capacity
private Book[] books = new Book[100];
int size = 0;
public BookList() {
books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",100,"古典小说");
books[1] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",100,"古典小说");
books[2] = new Book("金瓶梅","兰陵笑笑生",80,"古典小鼠");
size = 3;
}
// 后面需要对其中某一本书进行操作
public Book getBook(int index) {
return books[index];
}
public void setBook(int index, Book book) {
books[index] = book;
}
public int getSize() {
return size;
}
public void setSize(int size) {
this.size = size;
}
// 使用 alt + insert 也能生成 getter 和 setter
}
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//NormalUser.java
package BookSystem;
import BookSystem.Operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class NormalUser extends User {
public NormalUser(String name) {
this.name = name;
this.operations = new IOperation[] {
new FindOperation(),
new BorrowOperation(),
new ReturnOperation(),
new ExitOperation(),
};
}
@Override
public int menu() {
System.out.println("==================");
System.out.println("Hello! " + name + ",欢迎使用咱们的图书管理系统");
System.out.println("1.查阅书籍信息");
System.out.println("2.借阅书籍");
System.out.println("3.归还书籍");
System.out.println("4.退出系统");
System.out.println("==================");
System.out.println("请输入您的选择: ");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
return choice;
}
}
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//User.java
package BookSystem;
import BookSystem.Operation.IOperation;
// User 这个类是用来作为 Admin 和 NormalUser 的父类
// 存放两种角色的公共信息的
// User 类你应该被实例化,角色实际就只是管理员和普通用户两种
// 于是就做成一个抽象类,防止后面不小心对 User 实例化了,编译器就会报错
abstract public class User {
protected String name;
protected IOperation[] operations;
// 这个方法用来打印该用户的菜单
// 不同用户支持的操作不一样,菜单内容也不一样
// 此处就做成抽象方法,再由该类的子类来进一步的重写这样的方法
public abstract int menu();
public void doOpreation(int choice, BookList bookList) {
// 多态 向上转型
this.operations[choice - 1].work(bookList);
// IOperation operation = this.operations[choice - 1];
// operation.work(bookList);
}
}
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//Main.java
package BookSystem;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 1.准备好书籍的数据
BookList bookList = new BookList();
// 2.创建用户(涉及到登录过程)
// 咱们写这个 main 方法(整合整体逻辑的时候,并不关注用户是啥)
User user = login();
// 3.进入主循环
while (true) {
// 此时 user 是父类的引用,调用的 menu 是哪个版本的方法?
// 就看 user 到底指向哪种子类的实例
// 这就是多态,在这个场景中,调用者就根本无需关注 user 到底是啥类型
int choice = user.menu();
// 有了用户输入选择之后,需要根据这个选择,来执行对应的操作
user.doOpreation(choice, bookList);
}
}
private static User login () {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入您的姓名: ");
String name = scanner.next();
System.out.println("请输入您的角色:1.管理员 0.普通用户");
int who = scanner.nextInt();
if (who == 1) {
return new Admin(name);
}
return new NormalUser(name);
}
}