金融风控-Task5学习笔记

本学习笔记为阿里云天池龙珠计划金融风控训练营的学习内容，学习链接为：https://tianchi.aliyun.com/specials/activity/promotion/aicampfr

一、学习知识点概要

介绍模型融合的多种融合方式，将不同的模型进行融合，可能会收获意想不到的效果哦，往往模型相差越大且模型表现都不错的前提下，模型融合后结果会有大幅提升。

二、学习内容

1、平均：

• 简单平均法
• 简单加权平均，结果直接融合，求多个预测结果的平均值。pre1-pren分别是n组模型预测出来的结果，将其进行加权融
  pre = (pre1 + pre2 + pre3 +…+pren )/n
• 加权平均法
• 一般根据之前预测模型的准确率，进行加权融合，将准确性高的模型赋予更高的权重。
  pre = 0.3pre1 + 0.3pre2 + 0.4pre3

2、投票：

• 简单投票法

from xgboost import XGBClassifier
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier, VotingClassifier
clf1 = LogisticRegression(random_state=1)
clf2 = RandomForestClassifier(random_state=1)
clf3 = XGBClassifier(learning_rate=0.1, n_estimators=150, max_depth=4, min_child_weight=2, subsample=0.7,objective='binary:logistic')

vclf = VotingClassifier(estimators=[('lr', clf1), ('rf', clf2), ('xgb', clf3)])
vclf = vclf .fit(x_train,y_train)
print(vclf .predict(x_test))

• 加权投票法
• 在VotingClassifier中加入参数 voting=‘soft’, weights=[2, 1, 1]，weights用于调节基模型的权重

from xgboost import XGBClassifier
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier, VotingClassifier
clf1 = LogisticRegression(random_state=1)
clf2 = RandomForestClassifier(random_state=1)
clf3 = XGBClassifier(learning_rate=0.1, n_estimators=150, max_depth=4, min_child_weight=2, subsample=0.7,objective='binary:logistic')

vclf = VotingClassifier(estimators=[('lr', clf1), ('rf', clf2), ('xgb', clf3)], voting='soft', weights=[2, 1, 1])
vclf = vclf .fit(x_train,y_train)
print(vclf .predict(x_test))

Accuracy: 0.91 (+/- 0.07) [KNN]
Accuracy: 0.94 (+/- 0.04) [Random Forest]
Accuracy: 0.91 (+/- 0.04) [Naive Bayes]
Accuracy: 0.94 (+/- 0.04) [Stacking Classifier]

3、stacking

• 构建多层模型，并利用预测结果再拟合预测

import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
import itertools
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec
from sklearn import datasets
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
from sklearn.naive_bayes import GaussianNB 
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from mlxtend.classifier import StackingClassifier
from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score, train_test_split
from mlxtend.plotting import plot_learning_curves
from mlxtend.plotting import plot_decision_regions

# 以python自带的鸢尾花数据集为例
iris = datasets.load_iris()
X, y = iris.data[:, 1:3], iris.target


clf1 = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=1)
clf2 = RandomForestClassifier(random_state=1)
clf3 = GaussianNB()
lr = LogisticRegression()
sclf = StackingClassifier(classifiers=[clf1, clf2, clf3], 
                          meta_classifier=lr)


label = ['KNN', 'Random Forest', 'Naive Bayes', 'Stacking Classifier']
clf_list = [clf1, clf2, clf3, sclf]
    
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,8))
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(2, 2)
grid = itertools.product([0,1],repeat=2)


clf_cv_mean = []
clf_cv_std = []
for clf, label, grd in zip(clf_list, label, grid):
        
    scores = cross_val_score(clf, X, y, cv=5, scoring='accuracy')
    print("Accuracy: %.2f (+/- %.2f) [%s]" %(scores.mean(), scores.std(), label))
    clf_cv_mean.append(scores.mean())
    clf_cv_std.append(scores.std())
     clf.fit(X, y)
    ax = plt.subplot(gs[grd[0], grd[1]])
    fig = plot_decision_regions(X=X, y=y, clf=clf)
    plt.title(label)
 

plt.show()

4、blending

• 选取部分数据预测训练得到预测结果作为新特征，带入剩下的数据中预测。

from sklearn.ensemble import ExtraTreesClassifier
from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier
from sklearn.metrics import roc_auc_score

# 以python自带的鸢尾花数据集为例
data_0 = iris.data
data = data_0[:100,:]


target_0 = iris.target
target = target_0[:100]
 
#模型融合中基学习器
clfs = [LogisticRegression(),
        RandomForestClassifier(),
        ExtraTreesClassifier(),
        GradientBoostingClassifier()]
 
#切分一部分数据作为测试集
X, X_predict, y, y_predict = train_test_split(data, target, test_size=0.3, random_state=914)


#切分训练数据集为d1,d2两部分
X_d1, X_d2, y_d1, y_d2 = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.5, random_state=914)
dataset_d1 = np.zeros((X_d2.shape[0], len(clfs)))
dataset_d2 = np.zeros((X_predict.shape[0], len(clfs)))
 
for j, clf in enumerate(clfs):
    #依次训练各个单模型
    clf.fit(X_d1, y_d1)
    y_submission = clf.predict_proba(X_d2)[:, 1]
    dataset_d1[:, j] = y_submission
    #对于测试集，直接用这k个模型的预测值作为新的特征。
    dataset_d2[:, j] = clf.predict_proba(X_predict)[:, 1]
    print("val auc Score: %f" % roc_auc_score(y_predict, dataset_d2[:, j]))


#融合使用的模型
clf = GradientBoostingClassifier()
clf.fit(dataset_d1, y_d2)
y_submission = clf.predict_proba(dataset_d2)[:, 1]
print("Val auc Score of Blending: %f" % (roc_auc_score(y_predict, y_submission)))

三、学习问题与解答

还没搞懂天池的使用方法

四、学习思考与总结

了解了模型融合的不同方式，开始认识到金融风控的不容易，一环扣一环，这次的内容还算少，但是也是难以理解。希望继续坚持打卡。