10、多对一
多对一:
- 多个学生,对应一个老师
- 对于学生这边而言,关联···多个学生关联一个老师【多对一】
- 对于老师而言, 集合, 一个老师有很多学生【多对一】
SQL:
CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO teacher(`id`, `name`) VALUES (1, '秦老师');
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`tid` INT(10) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `fktid` (`tid`),
CONSTRAINT `fktid` FOREIGN KEY (`tid`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('1', '小明', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('2', '小红', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('3', '小张', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('4', '小李', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('5', '小王', '1');
1.测试环境搭建
-
在pom.xml中导入lombokjar包
<dependencies> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok --> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.18.10</version> <!--作用域<scope>provided</scope>--> </dependency> </dependencies>
-
新建实体类Teacher,Student
//老师实体类 @Data @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public class Teacher { private int id; private String name; } //学生实体类 @Data @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public class Student { private int id; private String name; //学生关联老师,每个学生对象中有一个老师 private Teacher teacher; }
-
建立实体类对应的Mapper接口
-
在核心配置中绑定注册我们的Mapper接口或者文件!
<!--绑定接口--> <mappers> <mapper class="com.cfeng.dao.TeacherMapper"/> </mappers>
-
测试查询是否成功!
@Test
public void getTeacher(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher(1);
System.out.println(teacher);
sqlSession.close();
}
2.按照查询嵌套处理
StudentMapper.xml
<!--
思路:
1.查询学生所有信息
2.根据查询出来的学生的tid,寻找对应的老师!(子查询)
-->
<select id="getStudent" resultMap="StudentTeachet">
select * from student
</select>
<resultMap id="StudentTeachet" type="Student">
<result column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="name" property="name"/>
<!--复杂的属性,我们要单独处理 对象association 集合:collection-->
<association property="teacher" column="tid" javaType="Teacher" select="getTeacher"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getTeacher" resultType="Teacher">
select * from teacher where id = #{tid}
</select>
3.按照结果嵌套处理
StudentMapper.xml
<!--方法二:按照结果嵌套处理-->
<select id="getStudent2" resultMap="StudentTeachet2">
select s.id sid,s.name sname,t.name tname from student s,teacher t where s.tid=t.id;
</select>
<resultMap id="StudentTeachet2" type="Student">
<result column="sid" property="id"/>
<result column="sname" property="name"/>
<association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher">
<result column="tname" property="name"/>
</association>
</resultMap>
回顾Mysql多对一查询方式:
- 子查询
- 联表查询
11、一对多处理
1、环境搭建
比如:一个老师有多个学生!对老师而言就是一对多的关系!
- 环境搭建步骤与多对一过程一样
实体类
//老师实体类
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Teacher {
private int id;
private String name;
//当一个老师拥有多个学生
private List<Student> students;
}
//学生实体类
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private int tid;
}
2.按照查询嵌套处理
StudentMapper.xml
<select id="getTeacher2" resultMap="StudentTeacher2">
select * from teacher where id = #{tid}
</select>
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher2" type="teacher">
<collection property="students" javaType="ArrayList" ofType="Student" select="getStudentByTeacherId" column="id"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getStudentByTeacherId" resultType="Student">
select * from student where tid = #{tid}
</select>
3.按照结果嵌套处理
StudentMapper.xml
<!--按结果查询-->
<select id="getTeacher" resultMap="StudentTeacher">
select s.id sid,s.name sname,t.name tname,t.id tid
from student s,teacher t where s.tid = t.id and t.id=#{tid}
</select>
<!--column是数据库中的字段 property是实体类中的字段-->
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher" type="Teacher">
<result column="tname" property="name"/>
<result column="tid" property="id"/>
<!--复杂的属性,我们要单独处理 对象association 集合:collection
javaType=""是指定属性的类型!
集合中泛型类信息我们用ofType=""获取
-->
<collection property="students" ofType="Student">
<result column="sid" property="id"/>
<result column="sname" property="name"/>
<result column="tid" property="tid"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
小结
- 关联 -【多对一】
- 集合 - 【一对多】
- javaType & ofType
- javaType 用来指定实体类中的属性类型
- ofType用来指定映射到List或者集合中的pojo类型,泛型的约束类型!
注意点:
- 保证SQL的可读性,尽量保证通俗易懂
- 注意一对多和多对一中,属性和字段的问题1
- 如果问题不好排查错误,可以使用日志,建议使用Log4j
面试高频
- Mysql引擎
- InnoDB底层原理
- 索引
- 索引优化!