SQLite学习之路② Pager模块介绍和Pager对象（2021SC@SDUSC）

2021SC@SDUSC

Pager介绍

根据上图我们能够大致了解Pager模块在SQLite占据的地位，它是底层模块了，能够对数据库文件进行直接的读与写。在SQLite里面，BTree模块不会直接和磁盘上的数据文件打交道，而是通过Pager对象里面的各种资源来操作数据文件。上图表示，Pager模块包含四个模块，事务管理模块，锁管理模块，缓存模块和日志管理模块，其中事务管理模块的实现依赖于另外三个模块。

对于Lock manager：为了实验数据文件的并发控制，锁管理模块必须确保事务在访问数据页之前，一定先对数据文件上锁。

对于Page cache：当应用程序访问数据库文件时，pager模块会以块为单位进行缓存，每一个连接都有自己独有的pager模块，因此每个连接都有自己独有的缓存。

对于Log manager：是保证了事务的原子性，要么完整写入数据，要么不写入数据。日志记录了事务在更新数据库文件之前的数据，如果数据写入过程中发生异常中断，在下一次连接时会把日志里记录的原始数据还原回数据库文件。

SQLite对数据文件进行控制时，需要创建一个pager对象，通过pager对象内的资源来操作文件。对于同一个文件，一个进程可能有多个pager对象；这些对象之间都是相互独立的。对于共享缓存模式，每个数据文件只有一个pager对象，所有连接共享这个pager对象。

Pager对象

Pager对象是SQLite访问数据文件必不可少的元素，以下是pager对象具体实现代码

英文版：

struct Pager {
   
  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;          /* OS functions to use for IO */
  u8 exclusiveMode;           /* Boolean. True if locking_mode==EXCLUSIVE */
  u8 journalMode;             /* One of the PAGER_JOURNALMODE_* values */
  u8 useJournal;              /* Use a rollback journal on this file */
  u8 noSync;                  /* Do not sync the journal if true */
  u8 fullSync;                /* Do extra syncs of the journal for robustness */
  u8 extraSync;               /* sync directory after journal delete */
  u8 syncFlags;               /* SYNC_NORMAL or SYNC_FULL otherwise */
  u8 walSyncFlags;            /* See description above */
  u8 tempFile;                /* zFilename is a temporary or immutable file */
  u8 noLock;                  /* Do not lock (except in WAL mode) */
  u8 readOnly;                /* True for a read-only database */
  u8 memDb;                   /* True to inhibit all file I/O */

  /**************************************************************************
  ** The following block contains those class members that change during
  ** routine operation.  Class members not in this block are either fixed
  ** when the pager is first created or else only change when there is a
  ** significant mode change (such as changing the page_size, locking_mode,
  ** or the journal_mode).  From another view, these class members describe
  ** the "state" of the pager, while other class members describe the
  ** "configuration" of the pager.
  */
  u8 eState;                  /* Pager state (OPEN, READER, WRITER_LOCKED..) */
  u8 eLock;                   /* Current lock held on database file */
  u8 changeCountDone;         /* Set after incrementing the change-counter */
  u8 setSuper;                /* Super-jrnl name is written into jrnl */
  u8 doNotSpill;              /* Do not spill the cache when non-zero */
  u8 subjInMemory;            /* True to use in-memory sub-journals */
  u8 bUseFetch;               /* True to use xFetch() */
  u8 hasHeldSharedLock;       /* True if a shared lock has ever been held */
  Pgno dbSize;                /* Number of pages in the database */
  Pgno dbOrigSize;            /* dbSize before the current transaction */
  Pgno dbFileSize;            /* Number of pages in the database file */
  Pgno dbHintSize;            /* Value passed to FCNTL_SIZE_HINT call */
  int errCode;                /* One of several kinds of errors */
  int nRec;                   /* Pages journalled since last j-header written */
  u32 cksumInit;              /* Quasi-random value added to every checksum */
  u32 nSubRec;                /* Number of records written to sub-journal */
  Bitvec *pInJournal;         /* One bit for each page in the database file */
  sqlite3_file *fd;           /* File descriptor for database */
  sqlite3_file *jfd;          /* File descriptor for main journal */
  sqlite3_file *sjfd;         /* File descriptor for sub-journal */
  i64 journalOff;             /* Current write offset in the journal file */
  i64 journalHdr;             /* Byte offset to previous journal header */
  sqlite3_backup *pBackup;    /* Pointer to list of ongoing backup processes */
  PagerSavepoint *aSavepoint; /* Array of active savepoints */
  int nSavepoint;             /* Number of elements in aSavepoint[] */
  u32 iDataVersion;           /* Changes whenever database content changes */
  char dbFileVers[16];        /* Changes whenever database file changes */

  int nMmapOut;               /* Number of mmap pages currently outstanding */
  sqlite3_int64 szMmap;       /* Desired maximum mmap size */
  PgHdr *pMmapFreelist;       /* List of free mmap page headers (pDirty) */
  /*
  ** End of the routinely-changing class members
  ***************************************************************************/

  u16 nExtra;                 /* Add this many bytes to each in-memory page */
  i16 nReserve;               /* Number of unused bytes at end of each page */
  u32 vfsFlags;               /* Flags for sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
  u32 sectorSize;             /* Assumed sector size during rollback */
  int pageSize;               /* Number of bytes in a page */
  Pgno mxPgno;                /* Maximum allowed size of the database */
  i64 journalSizeLimit;       /* Size limit for persistent journal files */
  char *zFilename;            /* Name of the database file */
  char *zJournal;             /* Name of the journal file */
  int (*xBusyHandler)(void*); /* Function to call when busy */
  void *pBusyHandlerArg;      /* Context argument for xBusyHandler */
  int aStat[4];               /* Total cache hits, misses, writes, spills */
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
  int nRead;                  /* Database pages read */
#endif
  void (*xReiniter)(DbPage*); /* Call this routine when reloading pages */
  int (*xGet)(Pager*,Pgno,DbPage**,int); /* Routine to fetch a patch */
  char *pTmpSpace;            /* Pager.pageSize bytes of space for tmp use */
  PCache *pPCache;            /* Pointer to page cache object */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
  Wal *pWal;                  /* Write-ahead log used by "journal_mode=wal" */
  char *zWal;                 /* File name for write-ahead log */
#endif
};

部分重要信息翻译后：

struct Pager {
   
  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;          /* 访问磁盘IO所用的文件系统接口 */
  u8 exclusiveMode;           /* 是否在使用EXCLUSIVE锁 */
  u8 journalMode;             /* 日志模式 */
  u8 useJournal;              /* 是否使用日志 */
  u8 noSync;                  /*  如果为真，不对日志写入磁盘，如数据库是内存模式的存储 */
  u8 fullSync;                /* 修改日志后是否立即刷盘 */
  u8 extraSync;               /* 删除日志后立即刷新磁盘 */
  //以下3个参数最终都会传递给OsSync()决定是否立即刷盘
  u8 ckptSyncFlags;           /* SYNC_NORMAL or SYNC_FULL for checkpoint */
  u8 walSyncFlags;            /* SYNC_NORMAL or SYNC_FULL for wal writes */
  u8 syncFlags;               /* SYNC_NORMAL or SYNC_FULL otherwise */
  u8 tempFile;                /* 临时文件或只读文件 */
  u8 noLock;                  /* Do not lock (except in WAL mode) */
  u8 readOnly;                /* True for a read-only database */
  u8 memDb;                   /* 内存模式的数据库，不对磁盘操作 */
 
  /**************************************************************************
   在模块内的成员决定pager的state，其他成员决定pager的configuration
  ** The following block contains those class members that change during
  ** routine operation.  Class members not in this block are either fixed
  ** when the pager is first created or else only change when there is a
  ** significant mode change (such as changing the page_size, locking_mode,
  ** or the journal_mode).  From another view, these class members describe
  ** the "state" of the pager, while other class members describe the
  ** "configuration" of the pager.
  */
  u8 eState;                  /* Pager state (OPEN, READER, WRITER_LOCKED..) */
  u8 eLock;                   /* Current lock held on database file */
  u8 changeCountDone;         /* Set after incrementing the change-counter */
  u8 setMaster;               /* True if a m-j name has been written to jrnl */
  u8 doNotSpill;              /* Do not spill the cache when non-zero */
  u8 subjInMemory;            /* True to use in-memory sub-journals */
  u8 bUseFetch;               /* True to use xFetch() */
  u8 hasHeldSharedLock;       /* True if a shared lock has ever been held */
  Pgno dbSize;                /* Number of pages in the database */
  Pgno dbOrigSize;            /* dbSize before the current transaction */
  Pgno dbFileSize;            /* Number of pages in the database file */
  Pgno dbHintSize;            /* Value passed to FCNTL_SIZE_HINT call */
  int errCode;                /* One of several kinds of errors */
  int nRec;                   /* Pages journalled since last j-header written */
  u32 cksumInit;              /* Quasi-random value added to every checksum */
  u32 nSubRec;                /* Number of records written to sub-journal */
  Bitvec *pInJournal;         /* One bit for each page in the database file */
  sqlite3_file *fd;           /* File descriptor for database */
  sqlite3_file *jfd;          /* File descriptor for main journal */
  sqlite3_file *sjfd;         /* File descriptor for sub-journal */
  i64 journalOff;             /* Current write offset in the journal file */
  i64 journalHdr;