java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: More than one fragment with the name [spring_web] was found

1.springmvc启动时，所有代码都正确，报启动组件失败，开启绝对排序。
原因：发现了多个[spring_web]，idea不知道选择那个。

org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[]]
		at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.handleSubClassException(LifecycleBase.java:440)
		at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:198)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:743)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:719)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:705)
		at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:1720)
		at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
		at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
		at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
		at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:287)
		at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
		at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
		at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:479)
		at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:428)
		at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
		at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
		at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
		at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:287)
		at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
		at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
		at com.sun.jmx.remote.security.MBeanServerAccessController.invoke(MBeanServerAccessController.java:468)
		at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1468)
		at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access$300(RMIConnectionImpl.java:76)
		at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1309)
		at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
		at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1408)
		at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:829)
		at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
		at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
		at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
		at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
		at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:324)
		at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:200)
		at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:197)
		at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
		at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196)
		at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:568)
		at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:826)
		at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run$0(TCPTransport.java:683)
		at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
		at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:682)
		at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
		at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
		at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
	Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: More than one fragment with the name [spring_web] was found. This is not legal with relative ordering. See section 8.2.2 2c of the Servlet specification for details. Consider using absolute ordering.
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.WebXml.orderWebFragments(WebXml.java:2203)
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.WebXml.orderWebFragments(WebXml.java:2162)
		at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1131)
		at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:776)
		at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:299)
		at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:123)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5065)
		at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
		... 44 more
25-Sep-2021 11:18:38.717 严重 [RMI TCP Connection(2)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke Exception invoking method manageApp
	java.lang.IllegalStateException: ContainerBase.addChild: start: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[]]
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:747)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:719)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:705)
		at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:1720)
		at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
		at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
		at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
		at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:287)
		at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
		at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
		at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:479)
		at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:428)
		at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
		at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
		at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
		at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:287)
		at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
		at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
		at com.sun.jmx.remote.security.MBeanServerAccessController.invoke(MBeanServerAccessController.java:468)
		at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1468)
		at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access$300(RMIConnectionImpl.java:76)
		at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1309)
		at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
		at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1408)
		at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:829)
		at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
		at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
		at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
		at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
		at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:324)
		at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:200)
		at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:197)
		at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
		at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196)
		at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:568)
		at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:826)
		at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run$0(TCPTransport.java:683)
		at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
		at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:682)
		at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
		at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
		at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
25-Sep-2021 11:18:38.724 严重 [RMI TCP Connection(2)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke Exception invoking method createStandardContext
	javax.management.RuntimeOperationsException: Exception invoking method manageApp
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:295)
		at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
		at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
		at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:479)
		at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:428)
		at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
		at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
		at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
		at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:287)
		at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
		at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
		at com.sun.jmx.remote.security.MBeanServerAccessController.invoke(MBeanServerAccessController.java:468)
		at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1468)
		at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access$300(RMIConnectionImpl.java:76)
		at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1309)
		at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
[2021-09-25 11:18:38,800] Artifact springmvc05-json:war ex`p`loded2: Error during artifact deployment. See server log for details.
		at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1408)
		at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:829)
		at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
		at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
		at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
		at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
		at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:324)
		at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:200)
		at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:197)
		at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
		at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196)
		at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:568)
		at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:826)
		at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run$0(TCPTransport.java:683)
		at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
		at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:682)
		at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
		at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
		at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
	Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: ContainerBase.addChild: start: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[]]
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:747)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:719)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:705)
		at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:1720)
		at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
		at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
		at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
		at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:287)
		... 35 more

解决方案：
1.简单的(治标不治本)：在web.xml的末尾加上 绝对排序

<absolute-ordering/>

2.复杂的：找到了多个spring_web的定义，导致出现异常的原因是引入了多个版本的spring-web*.jar,删除掉低版本的spring-web*.jar即可。