DQL查询语言

DQL（重点）

对表中数据的查询

数据库在执行DQL的时候，不会对数据进行改动，仅仅是看。只要把服务器中的数据获取返回给客户端。

查询的结果也是一张表

9.1数据的准备

 

 

学生表
create table stu(
   sid char(6),
   sname varchar(50),
   age int,
   gender varchar(50)
);
插入数据
INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1001', 'liuYi', 35, 'male');
INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1002', 'chenEr', 15, 'female');
INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1003', 'zhangSan', 95, 'male');
INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1004', 'liSi', 65, 'female');
INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1005', 'wangWu', 55, 'male');
INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1006', 'zhaoLiu', 75, 'female');
INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1007', 'sunQi', 25, 'male');
INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1008', 'zhouBa', 45, 'female');
INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1009', 'wuJiu', 85, 'male');
INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1010', 'zhengShi', 5, 'female');
INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1011', 'xxx', NULL, NULL);

创建雇员表

create table emp(
   empno int,
   ename varchar(50),
   job varchar(50),
   mgr int,
   hiredate date,
   sal decimal(7,2),
   comm decimal(7,2),
   deptno int
);
插入数据
INSERT INTO emp values(7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902,'1980-12-17',800,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp values(7499,'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-02-20',1600,300,30);
INSERT INTO emp values(7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-02-22',1250,500,30);
INSERT INTO emp values(7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839,'1981-04-02',2975,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp values(7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-09-28',1250,1400,30);
INSERT INTO emp values(7698,'BLAKE','MANAGER',7839,'1981-05-01',2850,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO emp values(7782,'CLARK','MANAGER',7839,'1981-06-09',2450,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO emp values(7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566,'1987-04-19',3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp values(7839,'KING','PRESIDENT',NULL,'1981-11-17',5000,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO emp values(7844,'TURNER','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-09-08',1500,0,30);
INSERT INTO emp values(7876,'ADAMS','CLERK',7788,'1987-05-23',1100,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp values(7900,'JAMES','CLERK',7698,'1981-12-03',950,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO emp values(7902,'FORD','ANALYST',7566,'1981-12-03',3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp values(7934,'MILLER','CLERK',7782,'1982-01-23',1300,NULL,10);

部门表
create table dept(
    deptno int,
	dname varchar(50),
	loc varchar(50)
);
插入数据
INSERT INTO dept values(10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK');
INSERT INTO dept values(20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS');
INSERT INTO dept values(30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO');
INSERT INTO dept values(40, 'OPERATIONS', 'BOSTON');
select * from dept ;

 

基础查询

查询所有列：*表示所有列

Select * from emp;

 查询指定列

select emope,ename,deptno from emp;

条件查询where

 and 和  

查询性别为女 ，并且年龄65的学生

select *from  stu where gender ='female' and age ='65';

 or 或者 

查询学号是S_1001或者名字为liSi的记录

select *from  stu where sid = 'S_1001' or sname  ='liSi';

查询多条 写法 in 在里面  or

查询学号是S_1001、S_1002、S_1003的记录

写法一 ：select *from  stu where sid = 'S_1001' or sid = 'S_1002' or sid = 'S_1003' ;

写法二：select *from  stu where sid in('S_1001','S_1002','S_1003');

 

 not 不是

查询学号不是S_1001、S_1002、S_1003的记录

select *from  stu where sid not in('S_1001','S_1002','S_1003');

is (not) null

查询年龄为空的记录

select *from  stu where age is null;

查询名字不为空的学生信息

select *from  stu where sname is not null

是否为空 is (not) null

 

区间between and

查询年龄 为20-40 岁之间的

select *from  stu where age>=20 and  age <=40;

select *from  stu where age between 20 and  40;

 = 、！=、<>

查询性别：非男的 学生记录

select *from  stu where gender ！= 'male';

select *from  stu where gender < >'male';

select *from  stu where not gender =male;