使用注解开发SpringMVC步骤

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步骤

1.新建Spring项目，添加web支持

2.Maven可能存在资源过滤的问题，需要完善配置

在pom.xml中添加以下配置：

<build>
	<resources>
		<resource>
			<directory>src/main/java</directory>
			<includes>
				<include>**/*.properties</include>
				<include>**/*.xml</include>
			</includes>
			<filtering>false</filtering>
		</resource>
		<resource>
			<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
			<includes>
				<include>**/*.properties</include>
				<include>**/*.xml</include>
			</includes>
			<filtering>false</filtering>
		</resource>
	</resources>
</build>

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3.在pom.xml中引入相关依赖

Spring框架核心库、springmvc、servlet、JSTL等：

<!-- Servlet核心依赖 -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
	<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
	<version>3.1.0</version>
	<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- JSTL标签库 -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
	<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
	<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jsp -->
<!-- Servlet核心依赖 -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
	<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
	<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>

<!-- Spring依赖 -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
	<version>4.3.29.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
	<version>4.3.29.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

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4.配置web.xml

1注册DispatcherServlet
2.关联SpringMVC的配置文件
3.启动级别为1
4.映射路径为 /

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!-- 1、注册DispatcherServlet -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!-- 关联一个springmvc的配置文件：【servlet-name】-servlet.xml -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfiglocation</param-name>
            <!-- classpath* 会到所有的包去找，不建议 -->
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!-- 启动调用级别-1
            与服务器一起启动
        -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!-- / 匹配所有的请求：(不包括.jsp) -->
    <!-- /* 匹配所有的请求：(包括.jsp) -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

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5.添加SpringMVC配置文件

springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 自动扫描包，让指定包下的注解生效，由IOC容器统一管理 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.demo.controller"/>
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!-- 视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
            id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp" />
        <!-- 后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

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6.创建Controller

HelloController.java

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/SpringMVC")
public class HelloController {

    // localhost:8080/SpringMVC/hello
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(Model model){
        // 封装数据
        model.addAttribute("msg","Hello,SpringMVC!");
        return "hello"; // 会被视图解析器处理
    }

}

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7.创建视图层

hello.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>

8.配置Tomcat，开启服务，访问对应请求路径

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