JWT安装配置

1.JWT安装配置

1.1 安装JWT

pip install djangorestframework-jwt==1.11.0

1.2 syl/settings.py 配置jwt载荷中的有效期设置

# jwt载荷中的有效期设置 
JWT_AUTH = { 
# 1.token前缀：headers中 Authorization 值的前缀 
'JWT_AUTH_HEADER_PREFIX': 'JWT', 
# 2.token有效期：一天有效 
'JWT_EXPIRATION_DELTA': datetime.timedelta(days=1), 
# 3.刷新token：允许使用旧的token换新token 
'JWT_ALLOW_REFRESH': True, 
# 4.token有效期：token在24小时内过期, 可续期token 
'JWT_REFRESH_EXPIRATION_DELTA': datetime.timedelta(hours=24), 
# 5.自定义JWT载荷信息：自定义返回格式，需要手工创建 
'JWT_RESPONSE_PAYLOAD_HANDLER': 'user.utils.jwt_response_payload_handler', 
}

1.3 syl/settings.py JWT结合DRF进行认证权限配置

	# 在DRF配置文件中开启认证和权限 
	REST_FRAMEWORK = { 
	... 
	# 用户登陆认证方式 
	'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [ 
		'rest_framework_jwt.authentication.JSONWebTokenAuthentication', # 在 DRF中配置JWT认证 
		# 'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication', # 使用session时 的认证器 
		# 'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication' # 提交表单时的认 证器 
		],
		# 权限配置, 顺序靠上的严格 
		'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [ 
			# 'rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser', # 管理员可以访问 
			'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated', # 全局配置只有认 证用户可以访问接口 
			# 'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly', # 认证用户可以访 问, 否则只能读取 
			# 'rest_framework.permissions.AllowAny', # 所有用户都可以 访问 
			],
			... 
		}

1.4 user/urls.py 增加获取token接口和刷新token接口

	from django.urls import include, path 
	from rest_framework.authtoken.views import obtain_auth_token 
	from user import views 
	from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter, DefaultRouter 
	from rest_framework_jwt.views import obtain_jwt_token, refresh_jwt_token 
	# 自动生成路由方法, 必须使用视图集 
	# router = SimpleRouter() # 没有根路由 /user/ 无法识别 
	router = DefaultRouter() # 有根路由 
	router.register(r'user', views.UserViewSet) 
	urlpatterns = [ 
		path('index/', views.index), # 函数视图 
		path('login/', obtain_jwt_token), # 获取token，登录视图 
		path('refresh/', refresh_jwt_token), # 刷新token 
		path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', 
		namespace='rest_framework')), # 认证地址 
		]
		urlpatterns += router.urls # 模块地址 
		# print(router.urls)

1.5 在user/utils.py中从写jwt_response_payload_handler

	def jwt_response_payload_handler(token, user=None, request=None, role=None): 
	""" 自定义jwt认证成功返回数据 
	:token 返回的jwt 
	:user 当前登录的用户信息[对象] 
	:request 当前本次客户端提交过来的数据 
	:role 角色 
	"""
	if user.first_name: 
		name = user.first_name 
	else:
		name = user.username 
	return { 
		'authenticated': 'true', 
		'id': user.id, "role": role, 
		'name': name, 
		'username': user.username, 
		'email': user.email, 
		'token': token, 
	}

2.postman测试接口
2.1 测试登录接口，获取token

	http://192.168.56.100:8888/user/login/	

	'''自定义认证和权限优先级更高，可以覆盖settings.py中的 ''' 
	# 自定义权限类 
	permission_classes = (MyPermission,) 
	# 自定义认证类, 自定义会覆盖全局配置 
	authentication_classes = (JSONWebTokenAuthentication,)

2.2 使用获得的token获取所有用户信息

	http://192.168.56.100:8888/user/user/

3.源码分析

	class JSONWebTokenAPIView(APIView): 
		""" 
		Base API View that various JWT interactions inherit from. 
		""" 
		permission_classes = () 
		authentication_classes = () 
		def get_serializer_context(self): 
			""" 
			Extra context provided to the serializer class. 
			""" 
			return {
				'request': self.request, 
				'view': self,
			}
		def get_serializer_class(self): 
			""" 
			Return the class to use for the serializer. 
			Defaults to using `self.serializer_class`. 
			You may want to override this if you need to provide different 
			serializations depending on the incoming request. 
			(Eg. admins get full serialization, others get basic serialization) 
			""" 
			assert self.serializer_class is not None, ( 
				"'%s' should either include a `serializer_class` attribute, " 
				"or override the `get_serializer_class()` method." 
				% self.__class__.__name__) 
			return self.serializer_class
		def get_serializer(self, *args, **kwargs): 
			""" 
			Return the serializer instance that should be used for validating and deserializing input, and for serializing output. 
			""" 
			serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class() 
			kwargs['context'] = self.get_serializer_context() 
			return serializer_class(*args, **kwargs)
		def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): 
			serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data) 
			if serializer.is_valid(): 
				user = serializer.object.get('user') or request.user # User表对象 
				token = serializer.object.get('token') # 获取到生成的 token 
				response_data = jwt_response_payload_handler(token, user, request) 
				response = Response(response_data) 
				if api_settings.JWT_AUTH_COOKIE: 
					expiration = (datetime.utcnow() + 
						api_settings.JWT_EXPIRATION_DELTA) 
					response.set_cookie(api_settings.JWT_AUTH_COOKIE, 
						token, 
						expires=expiration, 
						httponly=True) 
				return response 
			return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)