1.下载MariaDB数据库
1.1测试:当前虚拟机是否可以正确的链接外网。
这里使用ping www.baidu.com进行测试。
2.安装方法:
1.安装数据库的命令:
yum install mariadb-server 安装mariadb数据库
yum clean all 清空已安装文件 如果下载失败之后执行的.
进入/src目录下执行安装数据库的命令:
2.方法:
cd /usr/local/src
3.结果:
[root@localhost src]
3.完成安装
4.数据库启动
4.1相关命令
1. 启动命令 [root@localhost src]# systemctl start mariadb
2. 重启命令 [root@localhost src]# systemctl restart mariadb
3. 关闭命令 [root@localhost src]# systemctl stop mariadb
4. 设定开机自起 [root@localhost src]# systemctl enable mariadb
5. 关闭开机自起 [root@localhost src]# systemctl disable mariadb
4.2设置数据库启动和开机自启
5.数据库初始化操作
5.1初始化命令
注意所在路径:
[root@localhost src]# mysql_secure_installation
5.2按Enter键继续,设置用户和密码
6.测试数据库用户名和密码是否有效
输入命令:mysql -u root -p
这就进来数据库了,语法和其他地方使用一致。注意分号。
7,Mysql数据库远程访问配置
8.链接数据库的说明
说明:
1.如果需要远程链接数据库必须通过防火墙
2.如果远程链接数据库,数据库必须开启远程访问权限,否则拒绝链接。
8.1切换数据库mysql
目的是为了查询user表中的host/root/password
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MariaDB [mysql]>
8.2展示数据库中的表(user)
MariaDB [mysql]> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
8.3修改数据库表
MariaDB [mysql]> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | password |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B |
| ::1 | root | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> update user set host="%" where host="localhost";
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [mysql]> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | password |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| % | root | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B |
| ::1 | root | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
8.4刷新数据库权限
MariaDB [mysql]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
9.配置Linux防火墙策略
在src目录下
9.1检查防火墙状态
命令:firewall-cmd --state
[root@localhost src]# firewall-cmd --state
running
9.2防火墙配置
说明:
防火墙中有一个配置文件
表示当Linux系统启动时防火墙应该如何操作
需求: 告诉linux系统以后开机不需要启动防火墙
命令:
systemctl disable firewalld.service
systemctl enable firewalld.service
[root@localhost src]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost src]# systemctl enable firewalld.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service.
9.3手动关闭防火墙
说明:通过命令手动将防火墙关闭
1. systemctl stop firewalld.service
2. systemctl start firewalld.service
[root@localhost src]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost src]# firewall-cmd --state
not running
9.4手动开放防火墙端口
注意目录
[root@localhost /]# cd ~
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --query port 80/tcp
1.检查防火墙开放的端口
firewall-cmd --list-ports
2.检查端口是否开放
firewall-cmd --query-port 80/tcp
3.开启防火墙
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
4.移除端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-port=9090/tcp --permanent
5.关于防火墙操作的解释
–zone #作用域
–add-port=80/tcp #添加端口,格式为:端口/通讯协议
–remove-port=80/tcp #移除端口,格式为:端口/通讯协议
–permanent #永久生效,没有此参数重启后失效
6.重启防火墙
firewall-cmd --reload