python异常

异常

"""
try:
    可能发生的错误
catch:
    如果发生异常执行的代码
"""
# 捕获多个异常
try:
    print(1 / 0)
except (NameError, ZeroDivisionError) as result:
    print('有错误')
    # 捕获异常描述信息
    print(result)
except Exception:
	print(Exception)

# 捕获所有异常
try:
    print(1 / 0)
except Exception as result:
    print(result)
# else 没有异常要执行的代码
else:
    print('无异常')

# finally表示无论是否异常都要执行的代码
try:
    f = open('text.txt', 'r')
except Exception as result:
    f = open('text.txt', 'w')
else:
    print('程序正常..')
finally:
        f.close()

嵌套异常

# 1
# 2
# 3
# 6
# division by zero
# 7
try:
    a = 3
    print(1)
    b = 0
    print(2)
    try:
        print(3)
        c = a/b
        print(4)
    except NameError as result:
        print(5)
        print(result)
except Exception as r:
    print(6)
    print(r)
finally:
    print(7)

自定义异常

class ShortInputError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, len, min_len):
        self.len = len
        self.min_len = min_len

    def __str__(self):
        return f'用户输入的密码长度为{self.len},密码不能少于{self.min_len}'


def main():
    try:
        while True:
            con = input("请输入密码:")
            if len(con) < 3:
                # 抛出异常类创建的对象
                raise ShortInputError(con, 3)
            else:
                print("密码输入完成")
                break
    # 捕获该异常
    except Exception as result:
        print(result)

main()