1 Shuffle机制
Map方法之后,Reduce方法之前的数据处理过程称之为Shuffle。
2 Partition分区
3 Partition分区案例实操
1)需求
将统计结果按照手机归属地不同省份输出到不同文件中(分区)
(1)输入数据
1 13736230513 192.196.100.1 www.atguigu.com 2481 24681 200
2 13846544121 192.196.100.2 264 0 200
3 13956435636 192.196.100.3 132 1512 200
4 13966251146 192.168.100.1 240 0 404
5 18271575951 192.168.100.2 www.atguigu.com 1527 2106 200
6 84188413 192.168.100.3 www.atguigu.com 4116 1432 200
7 13590439668 192.168.100.4 1116 954 200
8 15910133277 192.168.100.5 www.hao123.com 3156 2936 200
9 13729199489 192.168.100.6 240 0 200
(2)期望输出数据
手机号136、137、138、139开头都分别放到一个独立的4个文件中,其他开头的放到一个文件中。
2)需求分析
3)在案例2.4的基础上,增加一个分区类
package com.atguigu.mapreduce.flowsum;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Partitioner;
public class ProvincePartitioner extends Partitioner<Text, FlowBean> {
@Override
public int getPartition(Text key, FlowBean value, int numPartitions) {
// 1 获取电话号码的前三位
String preNum = key.toString().substring(0, 3);
int partition = 4;
// 2 判断是哪个省
if ("136".equals(preNum)) {
partition = 0;
}else if ("137".equals(preNum)) {
partition = 1;
}else if ("138".equals(preNum)) {
partition = 2;
}else if ("139".equals(preNum)) {
partition = 3;
}
return partition;
}
}
4)在驱动函数中增加自定义数据分区设置和ReduceTask设置
package com.atguigu.mapreduce.flowsum;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
public class FlowsumDriver {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalArgumentException, IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
// 输入输出路径需要根据自己电脑上实际的输入输出路径设置
args = new String[]{"e:/output1","e:/output2"};
// 1 获取配置信息,或者job对象实例
Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
Job job = Job.getInstance(configuration);
// 2 指定本程序的jar包所在的本地路径
job.setJarByClass(FlowsumDriver.class);
// 3 指定本业务job要使用的mapper/Reducer业务类
job.setMapperClass(FlowCountMapper.class);
job.setReducerClass(FlowCountReducer.class);
// 4 指定mapper输出数据的kv类型
job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setMapOutputValueClass(FlowBean.class);
// 5 指定最终输出的数据的kv类型
job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setOutputValueClass(FlowBean.class);
// 8 指定自定义数据分区
job.setPartitionerClass(ProvincePartitioner.class);
// 9 同时指定相应数量的reduce task
job.setNumReduceTasks(5);
// 6 指定job的输入原始文件所在目录
FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(args[0]));
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
// 7 将job中配置的相关参数,以及job所用的java类所在的jar包, 提交给yarn去运行
boolean result = job.waitForCompletion(true);
System.exit(result ? 0 : 1);
}
}
4 WritableComparable排序
自定义排序WritableComparable原理分析
bean对象做为key传输,需要实现WritableComparable接口重写compareTo方法,就可以实现排序。
@Override
public int compareTo(FlowBean bean) {
int result;
// 按照总流量大小,倒序排列
if (this.sumFlow > bean.getSumFlow()) {
result = -1;
}else if (this.sumFlow < bean.getSumFlow()) {
result = 1;
}else {
result = 0;
}
return result;
}
5 WritableComparable排序案例实操(全排序)
1)需求
根据案例2.3序列化案例产生的结果再次对总流量进行倒序排序。
(1)输入数据
原始数据 第一次处理后的数据
(2)期望输出数据
13509468723 7335 110349 117684
13736230513 2481 24681 27162
13956435636 132 1512 1644
13846544121 264 0 264
。。。 。。。
2)需求分析
3)代码实现
(1)FlowBean对象在在需求1基础上增加了比较功能
package com.atguigu.mapreduce.sort;
import java.io.DataInput;
import java.io.DataOutput;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.WritableComparable;
public class FlowBean implements WritableComparable<FlowBean> {
private long upFlow;
private long downFlow;
private long sumFlow;
// 反序列化时,需要反射调用空参构造函数,所以必须有
public FlowBean() {
super();
}
public FlowBean(long upFlow, long downFlow) {
super();
this.upFlow = upFlow;
this.downFlow = downFlow;
this.sumFlow = upFlow + downFlow;
}
public void set(long upFlow, long downFlow) {
this.upFlow = upFlow;
this.downFlow = downFlow;
this.sumFlow = upFlow + downFlow;
}
public long getSumFlow() {
return sumFlow;
}
public void setSumFlow(long sumFlow) {
this.sumFlow = sumFlow;
}
public long getUpFlow() {
return upFlow;
}
public void setUpFlow(long upFlow) {
this.upFlow = upFlow;
}
public long getDownFlow() {
return downFlow;
}
public void setDownFlow(long downFlow) {
this.downFlow = downFlow;
}
/**
* 序列化方法
* @param out
* @throws IOException
*/
@Override
public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeLong(upFlow);
out.writeLong(downFlow);
out.writeLong(sumFlow);
}
/**
* 反序列化方法 注意反序列化的顺序和序列化的顺序完全一致
* @param in
* @throws IOException
*/
@Override
public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
upFlow = in.readLong();
downFlow = in.readLong();
sumFlow = in.readLong();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return upFlow + "\t" + downFlow + "\t" + sumFlow;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(FlowBean bean) {
int result;
// 按照总流量大小,倒序排列
if (sumFlow > bean.getSumFlow()) {
result = -1;
}else if (sumFlow < bean.getSumFlow()) {
result = 1;
}else {
result = 0;
}
return result;
}
}
(2)编写Mapper类
package com.atguigu.mapreduce.sort;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
public class FlowCountSortMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, FlowBean, Text>{
FlowBean bean = new FlowBean();
Text v = new Text();
@Override
protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
// 1 获取一行
String line = value.toString();
// 2 截取
String[] fields = line.split("\t");
// 3 封装对象
String phoneNbr = fields[0];
long upFlow = Long.parseLong(fields[1]);
long downFlow = Long.parseLong(fields[2]);
bean.set(upFlow, downFlow);
v.set(phoneNbr);
// 4 输出
context.write(bean, v);
}
}
(3)编写Reducer类
package com.atguigu.mapreduce.sort;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
public class FlowCountSortReducer extends Reducer<FlowBean, Text, Text, FlowBean>{
@Override
protected void reduce(FlowBean key, Iterable<Text> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
// 循环输出,避免总流量相同情况
for (Text text : values) {
context.write(text, key);
}
}
}
(4)编写Driver类
package com.atguigu.mapreduce.sort;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
public class FlowCountSortDriver {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException, InterruptedException {
// 输入输出路径需要根据自己电脑上实际的输入输出路径设置
args = new String[]{"e:/output1","e:/output2"};
// 1 获取配置信息,或者job对象实例
Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
Job job = Job.getInstance(configuration);
// 2 指定本程序的jar包所在的本地路径
job.setJarByClass(FlowCountSortDriver.class);
// 3 指定本业务job要使用的mapper/Reducer业务类
job.setMapperClass(FlowCountSortMapper.class);
job.setReducerClass(FlowCountSortReducer.class);
// 4 指定mapper输出数据的kv类型
job.setMapOutputKeyClass(FlowBean.class);
job.setMapOutputValueClass(Text.class);
// 5 指定最终输出的数据的kv类型
job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setOutputValueClass(FlowBean.class);
// 6 指定job的输入原始文件所在目录
FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(args[0]));
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
// 7 将job中配置的相关参数,以及job所用的java类所在的jar包, 提交给yarn去运行
boolean result = job.waitForCompletion(true);
System.exit(result ? 0 : 1);
}
}
6 WritableComparable排序案例实操(区内排序)
1)需求
要求每个省份手机号输出的文件中按照总流量内部排序。
2)需求分析
基于前一个需求,增加自定义分区类,分区按照省份手机号设置。
3)案例实操
(1)增加自定义分区类
package com.atguigu.mapreduce.sort;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Partitioner;
public class ProvincePartitioner extends Partitioner<FlowBean, Text> {
@Override
public int getPartition(FlowBean key, Text value, int numPartitions) {
// 1 获取手机号码前三位
String preNum = value.toString().substring(0, 3);
int partition = 4;
// 2 根据手机号归属地设置分区
if ("136".equals(preNum)) {
partition = 0;
}else if ("137".equals(preNum)) {
partition = 1;
}else if ("138".equals(preNum)) {
partition = 2;
}else if ("139".equals(preNum)) {
partition = 3;
}
return partition;
}
}
(2)在驱动类中添加分区类
// 加载自定义分区类
job.setPartitionerClass(ProvincePartitioner.class);
// 设置Reducetask个数
job.setNumReduceTasks(5);
7 Combiner合并
(6)自定义Combiner实现步骤
(a)自定义一个Combiner继承Reducer,重写Reduce方法
public class WordcountCombiner extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text,IntWritable>{
@Override
protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values,Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
// 1 汇总操作
int count = 0;
for(IntWritable v :values){
count += v.get();
}
// 2 写出
context.write(key, new IntWritable(count));
}
}
(b)在Job驱动类中设置:
job.setCombinerClass(WordcountCombiner.class);
8 Combiner合并案例实操
1)需求
统计过程中对每一个MapTask的输出进行局部汇总,以减小网络传输量即采用Combiner功能。
(1)数据输入
(2)期望输出数据
期望:Combine输入数据多,输出时经过合并,输出数据降低。
2)需求分析
3)案例实操-方案一
(1)增加一个WordcountCombiner类继承Reducer
package com.atguigu.mr.combiner;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
public class WordcountCombiner extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable>{
IntWritable v = new IntWritable();
@Override
protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
// 1 汇总
int sum = 0;
for(IntWritable value :values){
sum += value.get();
}
v.set(sum);
// 2 写出
context.write(key, v);
}
}
(2)在WordcountDriver驱动类中指定Combiner
// 指定需要使用combiner,以及用哪个类作为combiner的逻辑
job.setCombinerClass(WordcountCombiner.class);
4)案例实操-方案二
(1)将WordcountReducer作为Combiner在WordcountDriver驱动类中指定
// 指定需要使用Combiner,以及用哪个类作为Combiner的逻辑
job.setCombinerClass(WordcountReducer.class);
运行程序,如下图所示