生产者与消费者案例

流程:

  • 生产者负责信息内容的生产,消费者负责信息内容的使用。
  • 生产者完成一项完整的信息之后消费者要从其中取走信息。
  • 如果没有产品,消费者等待生产者生产,如果产品生产满,生产者等待消费者消费产品。
    基本代码:
package synchronization;

public class Syntest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Message msg=new Message();
		new Thread(new Producer(msg)).start();
		new Thread(new Consumer(msg)).start();
	}
}
class Consumer implements Runnable{
	private Message msg;
	public Consumer(Message msg) {
		this.msg=msg;
	}
	public void run() {
		for(int x=0;x<100;x++) {
			try {
				Thread.sleep(10);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			System.out.println(this.msg.getTitle()+"    "+this.msg.getContent());
		}
	}
}
class Producer implements Runnable{
	private Message msg;
	public Producer(Message msg) {
		this.msg=msg;
	}
	@Override
	public void run() {
		for(int x=0;x<100;x++) {
			if(x%2==0) {
				this.msg.setTitle("xiaoming");
				try {
					Thread.sleep(10);
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				this.msg.setContent("很帅");
			}else {
				this.msg.setTitle("xiaomei");
				try {
					Thread.sleep(10);
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				this.msg.setContent("很美");
			}
		}
	}
}
class Message{
	private String title;
	private String content;
	public void setContent(String content) {
		this.content = content;
	}
	public void setTitle(String title) {
		this.title=title;
	}
	public String getContent() {
		return content;
	}
	public String getTitle() {
		return title;
	}
}

或者

package synchronization;

public class Syntest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Message msg=new Message();
		new Thread(new Producer(msg)).start();
		new Thread(new Consumer(msg)).start();
	}
}
class Consumer implements Runnable{
	private Message msg;
	public Consumer(Message msg) {
		this.msg=msg;
	}
	public void run() {
		for(int x=0;x<100;x++) {
			System.out.println(this.msg.get());
		}
	}
}
class Producer implements Runnable{
	private Message msg;
	public Producer(Message msg) {
		this.msg=msg;
	}
	@Override
	public void run() {
		for(int x=0;x<100;x++) {
			if(x%2==0) {
				this.msg.set("xiaoming","很帅");
			}else {
				this.msg.set("xiaomei","很美");
			}
		}
	}
}
class Message{
	private String title;
	private String content;
	public void set(String title,String content) {
		this.title=title;
		try {
			Thread.sleep(10);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		this.content = content;
	}
	public String get() {
		try {
			Thread.sleep(10);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return title+"      "+content;
	}
}

会发现有两个主要问题:

  • 数据不同步
  • 生产一个取走一个,但是有重复生产重复取出。
    只考虑到了结构,没有考虑到同步问题。

解决同步操作

package synchronization;

public class Syntest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Message msg=new Message();
		new Thread(new Producer(msg)).start();
		new Thread(new Consumer(msg)).start();
	}
}
class Consumer implements Runnable{
	private Message msg;
	public Consumer(Message msg) {
		this.msg=msg;
	}
	public void run() {
		for(int x=0;x<100;x++) {
			System.out.println(this.msg.get());
		}
	}
}
class Producer implements Runnable{
	private Message msg;
	public Producer(Message msg) {
		this.msg=msg;
	}
	@Override
	public void run() {
		for(int x=0;x<100;x++) {
			if(x%2==0) {
				this.msg.set("xiaoming","很帅");
			}else {
				this.msg.set("xiaomei","很美");
			}
		}
	}
}
class Message{
	private String title;
	private String content;
	public synchronized void set(String title,String content) {
		this.title=title;
		try {
			Thread.sleep(10);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		this.content = content;
	}
	public synchronized String get() {
		try {
			Thread.sleep(10);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return title+"      "+content;
	}
}

但是小明不见了,部分数据不见了。
同步只能保证执行的时候是一个线程一个线程的执行,而不是并发访问处理。不能保证重复操作问题。

利用object类解决重复操作

线程等待与唤醒

如果想要解决生产者与消费者问题,最好使用等待与唤醒机制。
关于等待与唤醒,在object中有提供有三个方法:

  • 等待:
    • 死等:public final void wait() throws InterruptedException;
    • 设置等待时间:public final void wait(long timeout) throws InterruptedException;
    • 设置等待时间:public final void wait(long timeout,int nanos) throws InterruptedException;
  • 唤醒第一个等待线程:public final void notify();
  • 唤醒全部等待线程:public final void notifyAll();
    notify()唤醒若干线程中第一个等待的,其他的继续等待。
    notifyAll()唤醒全部线程,根据线程优先级高的可能先执行。
主要通过修改Message类实现
package synchronization;

public class Syntest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Message msg=new Message();
		new Thread(new Producer(msg)).start();
		new Thread(new Consumer(msg)).start();
	}
}
class Consumer implements Runnable{
	private Message msg;
	public Consumer(Message msg) {
		this.msg=msg;
	}
	public void run() {
		for(int x=0;x<100;x++) {
			System.out.println(this.msg.get());
		}
	}
}
class Producer implements Runnable{
	private Message msg;
	public Producer(Message msg) {
		this.msg=msg;
	}
	@Override
	public void run() {
		for(int x=0;x<100;x++) {
			if(x%2==0) {
				this.msg.set("xiaoming","很帅");
			}else {
				this.msg.set("xiaomei","很美");
			}
		}
	}
}
class Message{
	private String title;
	private String content;
	private boolean flag=true;//true表示生产中,不允许消费。false表示消费中不允许生产。
	public synchronized void set(String title,String content) {
		if(!flag) {
			try {
				super.wait();
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		this.title=title;
		try {
			Thread.sleep(10);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		this.content = content;
		
		flag=false;//生产完毕
		super.notify();
	}
	public synchronized String get() {
		if(flag) {
			try {
				super.wait();
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		try {
			Thread.sleep(10);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		try {
			return title+"      "+content;
		}finally {
			flag=true;
			super.notify();
		}
	}
}

多线程开发中最原始的处理方案,所有的等待,同步,唤醒机制都由开发者自行通过原生代码实现控制。

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