【leetcode】链表-设计链表（单双链表全）

题目：

在链表类中实现这些功能：

示例：

提示：

所有val值都在 [1, 1000] 之内。
操作次数将在 [1, 1000] 之内。
请不要使用内置的 LinkedList 库。

---

思路一：单链表

1.设置伪头结点变量并初始化数据

class MyLinkedList {
  int size;
  ListNode head;  // sentinel node as pseudo-head
  public MyLinkedList() {
    size = 0;
    head = new ListNode(0);
  }
}

2.设置变量的结构以及链接的next变量

public class ListNode {
  int val;
  ListNode next;
  ListNode(int x) { val = x; }
}

3.获取链表的元素

public int get(int index) {
    if (index < 0 || index >= size) return -1;

    ListNode curr = head;
    for(int i = 0; i < index + 1; ++i) curr = curr.next;
    return curr.val;

    }

4.插入一个结点元素

public void addAtIndex(int index, int val) {
    // If index is greater than the length, 
    // the node will not be inserted.
    if (index > size) return;

    // [so weird] If index is negative, 
    // the node will be inserted at the head of the list.
    if (index < 0) index = 0;

    ++size;
    // find predecessor of the node to be added
    ListNode pred = head;
    for(int i = 0; i < index; ++i) pred = pred.next;

    // node to be added
    ListNode toAdd = new ListNode(val);
    // insertion itself
    toAdd.next = pred.next;
    pred.next = toAdd;
  }

5.增加头结点元素

public void addAtHead(int val) {
    addAtIndex(0, val);
  

6.增加尾结点元素

public void addAtTail(int val) {
    addAtIndex(size, val);
  }

7.删除一个链表结点元素

public void deleteAtIndex(int index) {
    // if the index is invalid, do nothing
    if (index < 0 || index >= size) return;

    size--;
    // find predecessor of the node to be deleted
    ListNode pred = head;
    for(int i = 0; i < index; ++i) pred = pred.next;

    // delete pred.next 
    pred.next = pred.next.next;
  }
}

---

总结：组成一个整体项目代码如下

public class ListNode {
  int val;
  ListNode next;
  ListNode(int x) { val = x; }
}


class MyLinkedList {
    int size;
    ListNode head;  // sentinel node as pseudo-head
    public MyLinkedList() {
      size = 0;
     head = new ListNode(0);
    }



    
    /** Get the value of the index-th node in the linked list. If the index is invalid, return -1. */
    public int get(int index) {
    if (index < 0 || index >= size) return -1;

    ListNode curr = head;
    for(int i = 0; i < index + 1; ++i) curr = curr.next;
    return curr.val;

    }
    
    /** Add a node of value val before the first element of the linked list. After the insertion, the new node will be the first node of the linked list. */
    /** Add a node of value val before the first element of the linked list. After the insertion, the new node will be the first node of the linked list. */
  public void addAtHead(int val) {
    addAtIndex(0, val);
  }

  /** Append a node of value val to the last element of the linked list. */
  public void addAtTail(int val) {
    addAtIndex(size, val);
  }


    
    /** Add a node of value val before the index-th node in the linked list. If index equals to the length of linked list, the node will be appended to the end of linked list. If index is greater than the length, the node will not be inserted. */
    public void addAtIndex(int index, int val) {
    // If index is greater than the length, 
    // the node will not be inserted.
    if (index > size) return;

    // [so weird] If index is negative, 
    // the node will be inserted at the head of the list.
    if (index < 0) index = 0;

    ++size;
    // find predecessor of the node to be added
    ListNode pred = head;
    for(int i = 0; i < index; ++i) pred = pred.next;

    // node to be added
    ListNode toAdd = new ListNode(val);
    // insertion itself
    toAdd.next = pred.next;
    pred.next = toAdd;
  }

    
    /** Delete the index-th node in the linked list, if the index is valid. */
    public void deleteAtIndex(int index) {
    // if the index is invalid, do nothing
    if (index < 0 || index >= size) return;

    size--;
    // find predecessor of the node to be deleted
    ListNode pred = head;
    for(int i = 0; i < index; ++i) pred = pred.next;

    // delete pred.next 
    pred.next = pred.next.next;
  }
}




/**
 * Your MyLinkedList object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyLinkedList obj = new MyLinkedList();
 * int param_1 = obj.get(index);
 * obj.addAtHead(val);
 * obj.addAtTail(val);
 * obj.addAtIndex(index,val);
 * obj.deleteAtIndex(index);
 */

---

---

思路二：双链表
1.设置伪头结点变量并初始化数据

class MyLinkedList {
  int size;
  // sentinel nodes as pseudo-head and pseudo-tail
  ListNode head, tail;
  public MyLinkedList() {
    size = 0;
    head = new ListNode(0);
    tail = new ListNode(0);
    head.next = tail;
    tail.prev = head;
  }
}

2.设置变量的结构以及链接的next变量

public class ListNode {
  int val;
  ListNode next;
  ListNode prev;
  ListNode(int x) { val = x; }
}

3.获取链表的元素

public int get(int index) {
    // if index is invalid
    if (index < 0 || index >= size) return -1;

    
    ListNode curr = head;
    if (index + 1 < size - index)
      for(int i = 0; i < index + 1; ++i) curr = curr.next;
    else {
      curr = tail;
      for(int i = 0; i < size - index; ++i) curr = curr.prev;
    }

    return curr.val;
  }

4.插入一个结点元素

 public void addAtIndex(int index, int val) {
    // If index is greater than the length, 
    // the node will not be inserted.
    if (index > size) return;

    // [so weird] If index is negative, 
    // the node will be inserted at the head of the list.
    if (index < 0) index = 0;

    // find predecessor and successor of the node to be added
    ListNode pred, succ;
    if (index < size - index) {
      pred = head;
      for(int i = 0; i < index; ++i) pred = pred.next;
      succ = pred.next;
    }
    else {
      succ = tail;
      for (int i = 0; i < size - index; ++i) succ = succ.prev;
      pred = succ.prev;
    }

    // insertion itself
    ++size;
    ListNode toAdd = new ListNode(val);
    toAdd.prev = pred;
    toAdd.next = succ;
    pred.next = toAdd;
    succ.prev = toAdd;
  }

5.增加头结点元素

public void addAtHead(int val) {
    ListNode pred = head, succ = head.next;

    ++size;
    ListNode toAdd = new ListNode(val);
    toAdd.prev = pred;
    toAdd.next = succ;
    pred.next = toAdd;
    succ.prev = toAdd;
  }
  

6.增加尾结点元素

public void addAtTail(int val) {
    ListNode succ = tail, pred = tail.prev;

    ++size;
    ListNode toAdd = new ListNode(val);
    toAdd.prev = pred;
    toAdd.next = succ;
    pred.next = toAdd;
    succ.prev = toAdd;
  }

7.删除一个链表结点元素

public void deleteAtIndex(int index) {
    // if the index is invalid, do nothing
    if (index < 0 || index >= size) return;

    // find predecessor and successor of the node to be deleted
    ListNode pred, succ;
    if (index < size - index) {
      pred = head;
      for(int i = 0; i < index; ++i) pred = pred.next;
      succ = pred.next.next;
    }
    else {
      succ = tail;
      for (int i = 0; i < size - index - 1; ++i) succ = succ.prev;
      pred = succ.prev.prev;
    }

    // delete pred.next 
    --size;
    pred.next = succ;
    succ.prev = pred;
  }
}

---

总结：组成一个整体项目代码如下

public class ListNode {
  int val;
  ListNode next;
  ListNode prev;
  ListNode(int x) { val = x; }
}

class MyLinkedList {
  int size;
  // sentinel nodes as pseudo-head and pseudo-tail
  ListNode head, tail;
  public MyLinkedList() {
    size = 0;
    head = new ListNode(0);
    tail = new ListNode(0);
    head.next = tail;
    tail.prev = head;
  }

  /** Get the value of the index-th node in the linked list. If the index is invalid, return -1. */
  public int get(int index) {
    // if index is invalid
    if (index < 0 || index >= size) return -1;

    // choose the fastest way: to move from the head
    // or to move from the tail
    ListNode curr = head;
    if (index + 1 < size - index)
      for(int i = 0; i < index + 1; ++i) curr = curr.next;
    else {
      curr = tail;
      for(int i = 0; i < size - index; ++i) curr = curr.prev;
    }

    return curr.val;
  }

  /** Add a node of value val before the first element of the linked list. After the insertion, the new node will be the first node of the linked list. */
  public void addAtHead(int val) {
    ListNode pred = head, succ = head.next;

    ++size;
    ListNode toAdd = new ListNode(val);
    toAdd.prev = pred;
    toAdd.next = succ;
    pred.next = toAdd;
    succ.prev = toAdd;
  }

  /** Append a node of value val to the last element of the linked list. */
  public void addAtTail(int val) {
    ListNode succ = tail, pred = tail.prev;

    ++size;
    ListNode toAdd = new ListNode(val);
    toAdd.prev = pred;
    toAdd.next = succ;
    pred.next = toAdd;
    succ.prev = toAdd;
  }

  /** Add a node of value val before the index-th node in the linked list. If index equals to the length of linked list, the node will be appended to the end of linked list. If index is greater than the length, the node will not be inserted. */
  public void addAtIndex(int index, int val) {
    // If index is greater than the length, 
    // the node will not be inserted.
    if (index > size) return;

    // [so weird] If index is negative, 
    // the node will be inserted at the head of the list.
    if (index < 0) index = 0;

    // find predecessor and successor of the node to be added
    ListNode pred, succ;
    if (index < size - index) {
      pred = head;
      for(int i = 0; i < index; ++i) pred = pred.next;
      succ = pred.next;
    }
    else {
      succ = tail;
      for (int i = 0; i < size - index; ++i) succ = succ.prev;
      pred = succ.prev;
    }

    // insertion itself
    ++size;
    ListNode toAdd = new ListNode(val);
    toAdd.prev = pred;
    toAdd.next = succ;
    pred.next = toAdd;
    succ.prev = toAdd;
  }

  /** Delete the index-th node in the linked list, if the index is valid. */
  public void deleteAtIndex(int index) {
    // if the index is invalid, do nothing
    if (index < 0 || index >= size) return;

    // find predecessor and successor of the node to be deleted
    ListNode pred, succ;
    if (index < size - index) {
      pred = head;
      for(int i = 0; i < index; ++i) pred = pred.next;
      succ = pred.next.next;
    }
    else {
      succ = tail;
      for (int i = 0; i < size - index - 1; ++i) succ = succ.prev;
      pred = succ.prev.prev;
    }

    // delete pred.next 
    --size;
    pred.next = succ;
    succ.prev = pred;
  }
}