IO流--07--标准的输入、输出流、打印流、数据流、随机存取文件流

标准的输入、输出流

• System.in:标准的输入流，默认从键盘输入
• System.out:标准的输出流，默认从控制台输出

练习：

方法一: 使用Scanner实现，调用next()返回一个字符串

package com.cy.io;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SystemInDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        
       while (true){
           System.out.println("请输入字符");
           String s = sc.next();
           
           if("e".equalsIgnoreCase(s)||"exit".equalsIgnoreCase(s)){
               System.out.println("程序结束");
               break;
           }
           System.out.println(s.toUpperCase());
        }      
    }
}

方法二：使用System.in实现。

• System.in —> 转换流 —> BufferedReader的readLine()

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        BufferedReader br = null;
        try {
            InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(System.in);
            br = new BufferedReader(isr);

            while (true) {
                System.out.println("请输入字符串：");
                String data = br.readLine();
                if ("e".equalsIgnoreCase(data) || "exit".equalsIgnoreCase(data)) {
                    System.out.println("程序结束");
                    break;
                }

                String upperCase = data.toUpperCase();
                System.out.println(upperCase);

            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (br != null) {
                try {
                    br.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        }
    }

package com.atguigu.exer;
// MyInput.java: Contain the methods for reading int, double, float, boolean, short, byte and
// string values from the keyboard

import java.io.*;

public class MyInput {
    // Read a string from the keyboard
    public static String readString() {
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

        // Declare and initialize the string
        String string = "";

        // Get the string from the keyboard
        try {
            string = br.readLine();

        } catch (IOException ex) {
            System.out.println(ex);
        }

        // Return the string obtained from the keyboard
        return string;
    }

    // Read an int value from the keyboard
    public static int readInt() {
        return Integer.parseInt(readString());
    }

    // Read a double value from the keyboard
    public static double readDouble() {
        return Double.parseDouble(readString());
    }

    // Read a byte value from the keyboard
    public static double readByte() {
        return Byte.parseByte(readString());
    }

    // Read a short value from the keyboard
    public static double readShort() {
        return Short.parseShort(readString());
    }

    // Read a long value from the keyboard
    public static double readLong() {
        return Long.parseLong(readString());
    }

    // Read a float value from the keyboard
    public static double readFloat() {
        return Float.parseFloat(readString());
    }
}

打印流

PrintStream 和PrintWriter

  @Test
    public void test2() {
        PrintStream ps = null;
        try {
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("D:\\IO\\text.txt"));
            // 创建打印输出流,设置为自动刷新模式(写入换行符或字节 '\n' 时都会刷新输出缓冲区)
            ps = new PrintStream(fos, true);
            if (ps != null) {// 把标准输出流(控制台输出)改成文件
                System.setOut(ps);
            }


            for (int i = 0; i <= 255; i++) { // 输出ASCII字符
                System.out.print((char) i);
                if (i % 50 == 0) { // 每50个数据一行
                    System.out.println(); // 换行
                }
            }


        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (ps != null) {
                ps.close();
            }
        }

数据流

DataInputStream 和 DataOutputStream

作用：用于读取或写出基本数据类型的变量或字符串

@Test
    public void test3() throws IOException {
        //1.
        DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("data.txt"));
        //2.
        dos.writeUTF("刘建辰");
        dos.flush();//刷新操作，将内存中的数据写入文件
        dos.writeInt(23);
        dos.flush();
        dos.writeBoolean(true);
        dos.flush();
        //3.
        dos.close();


    }
    /*
    将文件中存储的基本数据类型变量和字符串读取到内存中，保存在变量中。

    注意点：读取不同类型的数据的顺序要与当初写入文件时，保存的数据的顺序一致！

     */
    @Test
    public void test4() throws IOException {
        //1.
        DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream("data.txt"));
        //2.
        String name = dis.readUTF();
        int age = dis.readInt();
        boolean isMale = dis.readBoolean();

        System.out.println("name = " + name);
        System.out.println("age = " + age);
        System.out.println("isMale = " + isMale);

        //3.
        dis.close();

    }

注意点：

• 读取不同类型的数据的顺序要与当初写入文件时，保存的数据的顺序一致！

随机存取文件流

RandomAccessFile

1. RandomAccessFile直接继承于java.lang.Object类，实现了DataInput和DataOutput接口
2. RandomAccessFile既可以作为一个输入流，又可以作为一个输出流
3. 如果RandomAccessFile作为输出流时，写出到的文件如果不存在，则在执行过程中自动创建。
4. 如果写出到的文件存在，则会对原有文件内容进行覆盖。（默认情况下，从头覆盖）
5. 可以通过相关的操作，实现RandomAccessFile“插入”数据的效果

public class RandomAccessFileTest {

    @Test
    public void test1() {

        RandomAccessFile raf1 = null;
        RandomAccessFile raf2 = null;
        try {
            //1.
            raf1 = new RandomAccessFile(new File("爱情与友情.jpg"),"r");
            raf2 = new RandomAccessFile(new File("爱情与友情1.jpg"),"rw");
            //2.
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while((len = raf1.read(buffer)) != -1){
                raf2.write(buffer,0,len);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //3.
            if(raf1 != null){
                try {
                    raf1.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
            if(raf2 != null){
                try {
                    raf2.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void test2() throws IOException {

        RandomAccessFile raf1 = new RandomAccessFile("hello.txt","rw");

        raf1.seek(3);//将指针调到角标为3的位置
        raf1.write("xyz".getBytes());//

        raf1.close();

    }
    }

使用RandomAccessFile实现数据的插入效果

 @Test
    public void test3() throws IOException {

        RandomAccessFile raf1 = new RandomAccessFile("hello.txt","rw");

        raf1.seek(3);//将指针调到角标为3的位置
        //保存指针3后面的所有数据到StringBuilder中
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder((int) new File("hello.txt").length());
        byte[] buffer = new byte[20];
        int len;
        while((len = raf1.read(buffer)) != -1){
            builder.append(new String(buffer,0,len)) ;
        }
        //调回指针，写入“xyz”
        raf1.seek(3);
        raf1.write("xyz".getBytes());

        //将StringBuilder中的数据写入到文件中
        raf1.write(builder.toString().getBytes());

        raf1.close();

        //思考：将StringBuilder替换为ByteArrayOutputStream
    }
}