java新特性--04--Optional 类

Optional 类

背景:

Optional类：为了在程序中避免出现空指针异常而创建的。

API

案例:

Girl

public class Girl {

    private String name;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Girl{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Girl() {

    }

    public Girl(String name) {

        this.name = name;
    }
}

Boy

public class Boy {
    private Girl girl;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Boy{" +
                "girl=" + girl +
                '}';
    }

    public Girl getGirl() {
        return girl;
    }

    public void setGirl(Girl girl) {
        this.girl = girl;
    }

    public Boy() {

    }

    public Boy(Girl girl) {

        this.girl = girl;
    }
}

Optional.of(T t) : 创建一个 Optional 实例，t必须非空；

Optional.empty() : 创建一个空的

Optional 实例 Optional.ofNullable(T t)：t可以为null

 @Test
    public void test1(){
        Girl girl = new Girl();
//        girl = null;
        //of(T t):保证t是非空的
        Optional<Girl> optionalGirl = Optional.of(girl);

    }

Optional.ofNullable(T t)：t可以为null

 @Test
    public void test2(){
        Girl girl = new Girl();
         girl = null;
        //ofNullable(T t)：t可以为null
        Optional<Girl> optionalGirl = Optional.ofNullable(girl);
        System.out.println(optionalGirl);

    }

orElse(T other)

-------------如果有值则将其返回，否则返回指定的other对象

 @Test
    public void test2(){
        Girl girl = new Girl();
        girl = null;

        Optional<Girl> optionalGirl = Optional.ofNullable(girl);
        System.out.println(optionalGirl);

        Girl girl1 = optionalGirl.orElse(new Girl("赵丽颖"));
        System.out.println(girl1);

    }

综合案例:

需求:

编辑方法,获取boy对象中的girl属性的name,且不报空指针

方式一:

 @Test
    public void test1(){
        Boy boy = new Boy();
        boy = null;
        String girlName = getGirlName(boy);
        System.out.println(girlName);
    }

    public String getGirlName(Boy boy){
        return boy.getGirl().getName();
    }

方式二:

    @Test
    public void test2(){
        Boy boy = new Boy();
        boy = null;
        String girlName = getGirlName2(boy);
        System.out.println(girlName);
    }

    public String getGirlName2(Boy boy){
        if(boy != null){
            Girl girl = boy.getGirl();
            if(girl != null){
                return girl.getName();
            }
        }

        return null;
    }

方式三:

 //使用Optional类的getGirlName():
    public String getGirlName3(Boy boy){

        Optional<Boy> boyOptional = Optional.ofNullable(boy);
        //此时的boy1一定非空
        Boy boy1 = boyOptional.orElse(new Boy(new Girl("迪丽热巴")));

        Girl girl = boy1.getGirl();

        Optional<Girl> girlOptional = Optional.ofNullable(girl);
        //girl1一定非空
        Girl girl1 = girlOptional.orElse(new Girl("古力娜扎"));

        return girl1.getName();
    }

测试