LNMP环境的搭建

一、yum源直接搭建

1.安装epel源

CentOS自带的网络源有些软件包没有，epel源包含更多的软件包

yum install -y epel-release

2.安装mariadb

yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server

初始化mariadb

mysql_secure_installation

启动mariadb，并设为开机自启

3.安装php模块

yum install -y php php-mysql php-gd libjpeg\* php-ldap php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc php-mbstring php-bcmath php-mhash php-fpm php-pecl-zendopcache

配置php-fpm

vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
	listen = /var/run/php-fpm/fastcgi.socket
    listen.owner = nginx
    listen.group = nginx
    user = nginx
    group = nginx
    php_flag[display_errors] = on

创建nginx用户，让nginx来管理php-fpm

groupadd nginx && useradd -r -g nginx -s /sbin/nologin nginx

修改权限

chown -R nginx.nginx /var/run/php-fpm

启动php-fpm，并设为开机自启

systemctl start php-fpm && systemctl enable php-fpm

3.安装nginx

yum install -y nginx

配置nginx

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
	server {
    listen       80 default_server;
    listen       [::]:80 default_server;
    server_name  localhost;
    root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index        index.php index.html;
...
    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass    unix:/var/run/php-fpm/fastcgi.socket;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;	
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }
}

启动nginx，并设为开机自启

systemctl start nginx && systemctl enable nginx

4.测试环境是否搭建成功

删除nginx家目录的主页文件，并添加php测试文件

rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html && echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.php

打开浏览器，输入你的ip地址，出现php版本界面，环境搭建完成

二、源码版LNMP环境的搭建

1.安装mysql

mysql官网：http://www.mysql.org

下载mysql5.7二进制包

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.26-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

安装mysql所需要的库

yum install -y perl libao-devel

解压并改名，添加环境变量

tar -xf mysql-5.7.26-el7-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local && \
mv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.26-el7-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql && \
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile && \
source /etc/profile

创建mysql配置文件

创建配置文件目录

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/etc

创建配置文件

vim /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
user=mysql
port=3306
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
pid-file=/var/run/mysql/mysql.pid
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysql_err.log

[client]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

创建mysql用户，配置文件所用到的目录，并初始化

 groupadd mysql && useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql

创建配置文件所用到的目录

mkdir -p /var/log/mysql /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysql 

改变所属用户

chown -R mysql.mysql /var/log/mysql /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysql

初始化

mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql
...
...root@localhost: _R#f2oxqp1oa

初始化后会生成随机密码，注意保存

配置启动脚本

复制启动脚本

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

修改启动脚本

vim /etc/init.d/mysql
	basedir=/usr/local/mysql
    datadir=/var/lib/mysql
    conf=$basedir/etc/my.cnf

启动mysql

/etc/init.d/mysql start

登录mysql

mysql -uroot -p_R#f2oxqp1oa

修改mysql的密码

1. 在已知密码的情况下修改

mysqladmin -uroot -p password "root"

2. 在忘记密码的情况下，修改配置文件，在[mysqld]下加上以下参数，跳过授权表，登录时不需要验证密码

vim /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
skip-grant-tables

重启mysql

/etc/init.d/mysql restart 

然后就可以不要密码直接登录，登录后修改密码

mysql -uroot
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password("root") where user="root" and host="localhost";

修改成功后记得把[mysqld]文件的内容还原并重新启动

2.安装php

php官网：https://www.php.net/

下载php5.6源码包

wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.40.tar.gz

下载php7.3源码包

wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.3.6.tar.gz

2个版本的一些配置参数有改变，配置时一些选项在php5.6以上的版本被删除

安装编译工具以及所需要的依赖

首先安装epel源

yum install -y epel-release

安装编译工具

yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ openssl openssl-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel

编译前配置

php5.6版本的配置

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl

php7.3版本的配置

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --enable-mysqlnd  --with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysql-sock=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --enable-soap --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl

二者的区别：
php7不再使用mysql的库来支持mysql的连接，而是启用了mysqlnd来支持，所以php7的编译已经不再使用–with-mysql参数指定mysql的安装位置了，若想支持mysql，需要设置–enable-mysqlnd，–with-mysqli和–with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd参数

参数解析：
–prefix=/usr/local/php --指定php安装路径
–with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --指定php配置文件存放路径
–enable-fpm --是否开启php-fpm,必须加入该参数
–with-fpm-user=php-fpm --执行的用户
–with-fpm-group=php-fpm --执行的组
–with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --mysql的安装路径
–with-mysql-sock=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --mysql的socket文件路径

等待完成
可以通过在命令行界面输入echo $?，如果返回值为0，代表配置成功

编译安装

make && make install

通过输入echo $?，来判断编译安装是否成功

配置php

复制php.ini文件

cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

新增php-fpm.conf配置文件

vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
[global]
pid = /var/run/php/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /var/log/php/php-fpm_err.log
[www]
listen = /tmp/php-fpm.sock
listen.mode = 666
user = nginx
group = nginx
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024

创建配置文件中指定的目录:

mkdir /var/log/php /var/run/php -p

创建php执行用户:

groupadd nginx && useradd -r -s /usr/sbin/nologin -g nginx nginx

修改目录权限:

chown -R nginx.nginx /var/log/php /var/run/php

拷贝php-fpm启动文件并修改:

cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
vim /etc/init.d/php-fpm 
php_fpm_PID=/var/run/php/php-fpm.pid		--改为你指定的pid文件路径

赋予启动文件执行权限

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm

测试php-fpm.conf语法是否正确

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -t
... /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful

启动php

/etc/init.d/php-fpm start 
Starting php-fpm  done

检查php-fpm进程

ps -ef | grep php-fpm

php安装完成

3.安装nginx

nginx官网：http://nginx.org/

下载nginx源码包

这里采用nginx1.16稳定版源码包

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz

解压

tar xf nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz -C /usr/src/

编译前配置

cd /usr/src/nginx-1.16.0/
# 添加支持ssl证书模块
./configure --with-http_ssl_module
# 查看配置是否成功
echo $?
0

编译安装

make && make install
echo $?
0

添加环境变量

echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin" >> /etc/profile && source /etc/profile

修改nginx配置文件

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
http {
...
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        index index.html index.htm index.php;
        root /usr/local/nginx/html;

        location ~ \.php$ {
            include fastcgi_params;
            fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fpm.sock;
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
        }
    }
}

测试nginx配置文件是否正确

nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

启动nginx

nginx

4.测试php环境是否能够正常解析

删除nginx家目录的主页文件，并添加php测试文件

rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html && echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.php

打开浏览器，输入你的ip地址，出现php版本界面，环境搭建完成