基于Dockerfile创建镜像详细过程（SSH、Systemctl、Nginx、Tomcat、MySQL、Apache）

构建Apache镜像

mkdir apache
cd apache

vim Dockerfile
基于的基础镜像
FROM centos:7
维护镜像操作的用户信息
MAINTAINER this is apache
镜像操作指令安装apache软件
RUN yum -y update
RUN yum -y install httpd
开启 80 端口
EXPOSE 80
复制位置首页文件
ADD index.html /var/www/html/index.html
将执行脚本复制到镜像中
ADD run.sh /run.sh
RUN chmod 755 /run.sh
启动容器时执行脚本
CMD ["/run.sh"]

vim run.sh

#!/bin/bash
rm -rf /run/httpd/*
exec /usr/sbin/apachectl -D FOREGROUND

vim index.html

<h1>This is apache<h1>

生成镜像
docker build -t httpd:centos .
新镜像运行容器
docker run -d -p 1216:80 httpd:centos
测试
http://20.0.0.11:1216			#服务器IP地址

构建SSH镜像

mkdir sshd
cd sshd

vim Dockerfile

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER The CentOS Project <cloud-centos>
RUN yum -y update
RUN yum -y install openssh* net-tools lsof telnet passwd
RUN echo '123456'| passwd --stdin root
RUN sed -i 's/UsePAM yes/UsePAM no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
RUN ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
RUN sed -i '/^session\s\+required\s\+pam_loginuid.so/s/^/#/' /etc/pam.d/sshd
RUN mkdir -p /root/.ssh && chown root.root /root && chmod 700 /root/.ssh
EXPOSE 22
CMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd", "-D"]

生成镜像
docker build -t sshd:new .
[root@localhost sshd]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND               CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                   NAMES
dff84f847f48        sshd:new            "/usr/sbin/sshd -D"   27 seconds ago      Up 26 seconds       0.0.0.0:32768->22/tcp   inspiring_kilby

启动容器并修改root密码(123456)
docker run -d -P sshd:new
ssh localhost -p 32768

构建Systemctl镜像

mkdir systemctl
cd systemctl

vim Dockerfile

FROM sshd:new
ENV container docker
RUN (cd /lib/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/; for i in *; do [ $i == \
systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service ] || rm -f $i; done); \
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/*; \
rm -f /etc/systemd/system/*.wants/*; \
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/*; \
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/*udev*; \
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/*initctl*; \
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/*; \
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/anaconda.target.wants/*;
VOLUME [ "/sys/fs/cgroup" ]
CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]

docker build -t systemd:new .

//privileged container内的root拥有真正的root权限。否则，container内的root只是外部的一个普通用户权限。
docker run --privileged -it -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup:ro systemd:new /sbin/init &
docker run中有“/sbin/init”会覆盖CMD中的这个指令

[root@localhost systemctl]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND               CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                   NAMES
30194c516dac        systemd:new         "/sbin/init"          About a minute ago   Up About a minute   22/tcp                  optimistic_murdock
dff84f847f48        sshd:new            "/usr/sbin/sshd -D"   45 minutes ago       Up 45 minutes       0.0.0.0:32768->22/tcp   inspiring_kilby

进入容器
docker exec -it 30194c516dac bash

查看sshd状态
systemctl status sshd

构建Nginx镜像

mkdir nginx
把nginx-1.15.9.tar.gz包放到nginx目录下
cd nginx

vim Dockerfile

#基于基础镜像
FROM centos:7
#用户信息
MAINTAINER this is nginx image <tang>
#添加环境包
RUN yum -y update
RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
#下载nginx软件包
ADD nginx-1.15.9.tar.gz /usr/local/src
WORKDIR /usr/local/src
#指定工作目录
WORKDIR nginx-1.15.9
RUN ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
#指定http和https端口
EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 443
RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#添加宿主机中run.sh到容器中
ADD run.sh /run.sh
RUN chmod 755 /run.sh
CMD ["/run.sh"]

vim run.sh

#!/bin/bash
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

//创建新镜像
docker build -t nginx:new .

docker run -d -P nginx:new

[root@localhost nginx]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND               CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                           NAMES
510414fa57d4        nginx:new           "/run.sh"             6 seconds ago       Up 5 seconds        0.0.0.0:32782->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32781->443/tcp   vigorous_varahamihira
30194c516dac        systemd:new         "/sbin/init"          2 hours ago         Up 2 hours          22/tcp                                          optimistic_murdock
dff84f847f48        sshd:new            "/usr/sbin/sshd -D"   2 hours ago         Up 2 hours          0.0.0.0:32768->22/tcp                           inspiring_kilby

http://20.0.0.31:32782

构建Tomcat镜像

mkdir /opt/tomcat
把apache-tomcat-8.5.23.tar和jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar包放到/opt/tomcat目录下

cd /opt/tomcat

vim Dockerfile

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is tomcat image <tang>
ADD jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local
WORKDIR /usr/local
RUN mv jdk1.8.0_144 /usr/local/java
ENV JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java
ENV JRE_HOME=/usr/local/java/jre
ENV PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/java/bin
ENV CLASSPATH=./:/usr/local/java/lib:/usr/local/java/jre/lib
ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.23.tar.gz /usr/local/
WORKDIR /usr/local/
RUN mv apache-tomcat-8.5.23 /usr/local/tomcat8
EXPOSE 8080
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/tomcat8/bin/catalina.sh","run"]

docker build -t tomcat:centos .

docker run -d --name tomcat01 -p 666:8080 tomcat:centos

构建MySQL镜像

mkdir mysql
将mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz放在mysql目录下

cd mysql/

vim Dockerfile

FROM centos:7
RUN yum -y install \
ncurses \
ncurses-devel \
bison \
cmake \
make \
gcc \
gcc-c++
RUN useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
ADD mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz /usr/local/src
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.20/
RUN cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 && make -j3 && make install
RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/  
RUN rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
ADD my.cnf /etc
RUN chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
ENV PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
WORKDIR /usr/local/mysql/
RUN bin/mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
RUN cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
EXPOSE 3306
RUN echo -e "#!/bin/sh \n systemctl enable mysqld" > /run.sh
RUN chmod 755 /run.sh
RUN sh /run.sh
CMD ["init"]

[root@localhost mysql]# vim my.cnf 
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 1

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES

生成镜像
docker build -t mysql:new .

生成容器
docker run --name=mysql01 -d -P --privileged mysql:new 
329854e14b9ba968e4f55770111ffd00f2b1fc386c13bc54ab5d4820b0dd2768

docker ps -a |grep mysql
0cbeb50d0296        mysql:new           "init"                    52 seconds ago      Up 51 seconds    

docker exec -it 329854e14b9b /bin/bash
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
mysql> flush privileges;

测试
yum -y install mairadb* ##mysql客户端下载
mysql -h 20.0.0.16 -u root -P 32768 -p   
Enter password: ##输入密码  
MySQL [(none)]> create database kk;   ##创建数据库kk
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;   ##容器中看一下是否存在kk数据库
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| kk                 |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)