第四章 文件管理
4.1 文件系统基础
4.1.1 初始文件管理
![image-20220528164314441](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528164314441.png)
- 文件的属性
![image-20220528164553319](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528164553319.png)
- 文件内部的数据怎样组织起来
即
- 文件之间怎样组织起来
![image-20220528164922160](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528164922160.png)
即
- 操作系统应该向上提供哪些功能
即
![image-20220528165136509](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528165136509.png)
- 从上往下看,文件应如何存放在外村
![image-20220528165417470](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528165417470.png)
- 其他需要由操作系统实现的文件管理功能
![image-20220528165500879](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528165500879.png)
- 知识点回顾
![image-20220528165526313](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528165526313.png)
4.1.2 文件的基本操作
![image-20220528165948503](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528165948503.png)
- 创建文件
- 删除文件
- 打开文件
- 关闭文件
- 读文件
- 写文件
- 知识点回顾
打开文件和读文件两个操作容易在选择题中考察
4.1.3 文件保护
![image-20220528171240078](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528171240078.png)
- 口令保护
![image-20220528171317470](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528171317470.png)
- 加密保护
解密密码错误时:
![image-20220528171526702](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528171526702.png)
- 访问控制
![image-20220528171546183](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528171546183.png)
精简的访问控制表:
![image-20220528171624016](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528171624016.png)
- windows 的访问控制
![image-20220528171915863](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528171915863.png)
![image-20220528171959084](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528171959084.png)
![image-20220528172027211](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528172027211.png)
![image-20220528172042560](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528172042560.png)
![image-20220528172104773](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528172104773.png)
![image-20220528172124358](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528172124358.png)
- 知识点回顾
![image-20220528172200039](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528172200039.png)
4.1.4 文件的逻辑结构
1、无结构文件
![image-20220528190226382](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528190226382.png)
2、有结构文件
![image-20220528190253717](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528190253717.png)
定长记录:
可变长记录:
![image-20220528190518586](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528190518586.png)
有结构文件的逻辑结构
![image-20220528190724495](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528190724495.png)
- 顺序文件
- 索引文件
- 索引顺序文件
- 知识点
![image-20220528191833187](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220528191833187.png)
4.1.5 文件的物理结构(文件的分配方式)
重要内容,大小题都有考
![image-20220529193712703](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220529193712703.png)
![image-20220529193832892](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220529193832892.png)
- 文件块、磁盘块
- 文件的分配方式——连续分配
连续分配方式的优点:
(顺序访问eg访问逻辑块号2要从逻辑块号0、1顺序访问直到找到2)
(直接访问eg访问逻辑块号2直接访问该块即可)
连续分配方式的缺点:
![image-20220529200430761](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220529200430761.png)
- 文件的分配方式——链接分配
![image-20220529200504155](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220529200504155.png)
隐式链接:
![image-20220529200750561](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220529200750561.png)
显示链接:
![image-20220529201401440](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220529201401440.png)
即:
- 文件的分配方式——索引分配
① 链接方案
② 多层索引
③ 混合索引
4.2 目录
4.2.1 目录
![image-20220529205027345](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220529205027345.png)
● 文件控制块
● 目录结构
- 单机目录结构
- 两级目录结构
- 多级目录结构
![image-20220529205848880](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220529205848880.png)
- 无环图目录结构
● 索引结点
4.2.2 文件共享
![image-20220529210614048](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220529210614048.png)
- 基于索引结点的共享方式(硬链接)
- 基于符号链的共享方式(软链接)
例:
如:
4.3 文件系统
4.3.1 文件系统的层次结构
![image-20220530235343049](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220530235343049.png)
4.3.2 文件存储空间管理
![image-20220530235929706](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220530235929706.png)
![image-20220530235946353](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220530235946353.png)
存储空间的划分与初始化
几种管理方法
- 存储空间管理——空闲表法
- 存储空间管理——空闲链表法
- 存储空间管理——位示图法
常考的一种方法
怎么进行分配和回收:
- 存储空间管理——成组链接法
如何分配:
(例1)
(例2)
复制后
![image-20220531002112754](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220531002112754.png)
如何回收:
(第一种情况:分组没满)
(第二种情况:分组已满)