第一章 计算机系统概述
1.1 计算机发展历程*
(已从考纲删除)
![image-20220711162116531](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711162116531.png)
1.2 计算机系统层次结构
1.2.1 计算机硬件的基本组成
![image-20220711162419237](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711162419237.png)
- 早期冯诺依曼机
![image-20220711162709272](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711162709272.png)
![image-20220711163126178](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711163126178.png)
![image-20220711163537258](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711163537258.png)
- 现代计算机的结构
![image-20220711163558761](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711163558761.png)
![image-20220711163831078](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711163831078.png)
![image-20220711163851843](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711163851843.png)
1.2.2 各个硬件的工作原理
- 主存储器
![image-20220711194406645](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711194406645.png)
![image-20220711195013662](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711195013662.png)
- 运算器的基本组成
![image-20220711195923688](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711195923688.png)
- 控制器的基本组成
![image-20220711200107209](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711200107209.png)
- 计算机的工作过程
对第一条指令:
![image-20220711202427086](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711202427086.png)
![image-20220711202456370](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711202456370.png)
1.2.3 计算机系统的多级层次结构
![image-20220711205706557](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711205706557.png)
![image-20220711205722731](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711205722731.png)
![image-20220711205737044](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711205737044.png)
![image-20220711210309047](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711210309047.png)
1.3 计算机的性能指标
存储器的性能指标
![image-20220711210650568](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711210650568.png)
二进制位能表示状态:
![image-20220711210734443](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711210734443.png)
CPU的性能指标
![image-20220711210929085](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711210929085.png)
![image-20220711212023743](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711212023743.png)
![image-20220711212203918](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711212203918.png)
![image-20220711212821686](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711212821686.png)
第一问:对于A,IPS = 2/10 = 0.2 G 每秒执行0.2G条指令;对于B,IPS = 1 G。
系统整体的性能指标
![image-20220711212627545](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711212627545.png)
![image-20220711212657186](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711212657186.png)
![image-20220711213122084](https://xingqiu-tuchuang-1256524210.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/6005/image-20220711213122084.png)