内核分析-简单的操作系统内核源码解读

最新推荐文章于 2022-05-15 22:03:21 发布
最新推荐文章于 2022-05-15 22:03:21 发布
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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u013693367/article/details/78462311?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-1.nonecase&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-1.nonecase
版权

学习笔记 ##

源码组成：mypcb.h mymain.c myinterrupt.c

mypcb.h
#define MAX_TASK_NUM 4 //进程数组链表的最大值
#define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE 1024*8 //内核堆栈的大小

/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread {
unsigned long ip;/用于保存eip 指向CPU执行的下一条指令的地址/
unsigned long sp;/用于保存esp 堆栈指针/
};

typedef struct PCB{
int pid;
volatile long state; /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped /
char stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];
/ CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread thread;
unsigned long task_entry;/进程入口 本程序中都设置为my_process/
struct PCB *next; /进程链表中的下一个进程/
}tPCB;

void my_schedule(void);/用于实现进程上下文的切换调度/
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2.mymain.c

void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
int pid = 0;
int i;
/* Initialize process 0*/
task[pid].pid = pid;
task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
/进程入口地址与进程的eip设为my_process/
task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[pid].next = &task[pid];
/fork more process /
for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
{
memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
task[i].pid = i;
task[i].state = -1;
task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
task[i-1].next = &task[i];
}
/ start process 0 by task[0] /
pid = 0;
my_current_task = &task[pid];
/构建0号进程的堆栈环境 ，启动0号进程
c语言中嵌入汇编代码，格式如下：
asm (
内容
: 输出
：输入
);
加入volatitle表示不让编译器优化/
asm volatile(
“movl %1,%%esp\n\t” / set task[pid].thread.sp to esp /
“pushl %1\n\t” / push ebp /
“pushl %0\n\t” / push task[pid].thread.ip /
“ret\n\t” / pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip /
“popl %%ebp\n\t”
:
: “c” (task[pid].thread.ip),“d” (task[pid].thread.sp) / input c or d mean %ecx/%edx/
);
}
void my_process(void)
{
int i = 0;
while(1)
{
i++;
if(i%10000000 == 0)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE “this is process %d -\n”,my_current_task->pid);
if(my_need_sched == 1)
{
/调度标志位，在myinterrupt.c的my_timer_handler()函数中设置/
my_need_sched = 0;
/主动调用进程列表的下一个进程/
my_schedule();
}
printk(KERN_NOTICE “this is process %d +\n”,my_current_task->pid);
}
}
}
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3.myinterrupt.c

void my_schedule(void)
{
tPCB * next;
tPCB * prev;

if(my_current_task == NULL 
    || my_current_task->next == NULL)
{
    return;
}
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
/* schedule */
next = my_current_task->next;
prev = my_current_task;
/*进程上下文的切换，与函数调用堆栈类似*/
if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
{
    /* switch to next process */
    asm volatile(
        /*保存当前进程的ebp esp*/  
        "pushl %%ebp\n\t"       /* save ebp */
        "movl %%esp,%0\n\t"     /* save esp */
        /*构建下一个进程的esp*/
        "movl %2,%%esp\n\t"     /* restore  esp */
        /*$1f是指下面标号为1的位置，就是下一个进程启动的位置*/
        "movl $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save eip */ 
        /*下一个进程eip压栈*/
        "pushl %3\n\t" 
        /*恢复现场:eip指向下下个进程的地址ebp恢复为第一条指令压栈保存的ebp*/
        "ret\n\t"               /* restore  eip */
        "1:\t"                  /* next process start here */
        "popl %%ebp\n\t"
        : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
        : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
    ); 
    my_current_task = next; 
    printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);      
}
else
{
    next->state = 0;//新的进程设置为正在运行状态
    my_current_task = next;
    printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
    /* switch to new process */
    asm volatile(   
        "pushl %%ebp\n\t"       /* save ebp */
        "movl %%esp,%0\n\t"     /* save esp */
        /*新的进程从来没有执行过，所以栈为空esp与ebp指向同一位置*/
        "movl %2,%%esp\n\t"     /* restore  esp */
        "movl %2,%%ebp\n\t"     /* restore  ebp */
        "movl $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save eip */ 
        "pushl %3\n\t" 
        "ret\n\t"               /* restore  eip */
        : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
        : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
    );          
}   
return;

}

进程切换过程与函数调用堆栈基本类似

保存当前进程的堆栈环境(esp,eip,ebp)，首先将当前进程的ebp压栈，并将esp和eip保存在当前进程的结构体中。
构建下一进程的堆栈环境。然后下一条进程的thread.sp读出，赋给esp;thread.ip读出赋给eip。若下一条进程是新的进程，处于未运行状态，则新进程堆栈为空，esp与ebp指向同一地址，这种情况与函数调用堆栈更加类似。若下一条进程处于运行态，那么ebp与当前进程的ebp指向同一地址。
恢复堆栈环境，为下下个进程做准备。恢复eip,即把执行完成的进程的thread.ip(下一进程的指令地址)赋给eip，上例中所有进程的thread.ip设为my_process。
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Linux操作系统内核技术详解 Linux内核是操作系统的核心部分，负责管理系统资源，提供硬件抽象层，以及调度进程、处理中断等关键任务。了解其内部工作原理对于开发者和系统管理员至关重要。Linux内核源代码通常存放...
操作系统内核架构解析
qq_54412225的博客
05-15 1979
内核架构 在分析之前我们先明确这个内核架构概念，操作系统的内核结构可以分为三类： 模块结构，也叫做单内核结构，整个系统是一个大模块，而可以被划分为几个逻辑上的模块。包括处理器管理、存储器管理、文件管理，模块之间的交互通过直接调用其他模块的函数来实现 层次结构，这种内核架构是把操作系统划分为内核和若干个模块或者进程，这些模块或者进程被划分为多个层次，层次之间只能是单项依赖或者单向调用的关系，不会构成循环调用（可以理解为类似于计算机网络的五个层次结构，从高到低是应用层、传输层、网络层、数据链路层、物理层）
操作系统是如何工作的？——简单多道程序内核代码内核分析
去实验室，奔跑吧
03-15 1066
谭东旭 原创作品转载请注明出处 《Linux内核分析》MOOC课程http://mooc.study.163.com/course/USTC-1000029000上一篇文章我们花费了大量时间来讲解堆栈和AT&T的汇编，这是因为这些是我们理解计算机工作最基础的东西。但是对于了解整个计算机的运转，仅仅靠了解这一点还是不够的。计算机系统那么庞大和复杂：存储程序、调用堆栈、中断、保存现场以及中断返回、调度等
Linux内核源码分析(一)--序言
task_struct的博客
12-10 354
工作四年，很多小伙伴都开始转行搞其他的了，我想我的事情还没有做完。还没有完整地分析一遍Linux内核，还没有自己写过内核，怀着这样的遗憾我什么也做不了。所以现在开始要完整的分析一遍Linux内核源码了，借助s3c2440的cpu加Linux 2.6.22的内核源码踏上遇神杀神，遇佛杀佛的不归路。这回不想走情景式的分析道路，就是要一条一条指令，一行一行代码的死磕到底，并在csdn上留下我的记录。
Linux 内核分析 一：操作系统基本概念
OnlyLove_的博客
04-17 727
Linux内核分析误区：陷入细节而忽略框架。看代码前应该了解框架，心中带着框架再研究代码，在具体代码的研究中修正自己的认识偏差和误差。 一、计算机系统 计算机系统整体抽象视图如上，系统粗略分为 4 个组件： ● 硬件：CPU、内存、IO设备 ● 操作系统 ● 软件 ● 用户 二、操作系统定义 操作系统（operating system）是管理计算机硬件与软件资源的程序。操作系统用于分离软件和硬件，因此，操作系统向下管理硬件，向上为软件提供操作接口。 三、操作系统功能 操作系统主要功能： ● 进程管理 .
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