GUI编程
1.简介
Gui的核心技术:Swing AWT
-
因为界面不美观
-
需要jre环境!
为什么我们要学习?
- 可以写出自己心中想要的一些小工具
- 工作的时候,也可能需要维护到swing界面,概率极小s
- 了解MVC架构,了解监听!
2.AWT
2.1 Awt介绍
-
包含了很多类和结构!
-
元素:窗口,按钮,文本框
2.2 组件和容器
1.Frame
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Frame
Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图像界面窗口");
//需要设置可见性
frame.setVisible(true);
//设置窗口大小
frame.setSize(500,500);
//设置背景颜色
frame.setBackground(new Color(78, 208, 95));
//弹出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(500,500);
//设置大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);
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//设置多个窗口
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyFrame m1 = new MyFrame(100,100,200,200,Color.CYAN);
MyFrame m2 = new MyFrame(100,300,200,200,Color.red);
MyFrame m3 = new MyFrame(300,100,200,200,Color.yellow);
MyFrame m4 = new MyFrame(300,300,200,200,Color.pink);
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
static int id = 0;
public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
super("第"+(++id)+"个窗口");
setBackground(color);
setVisible(true);
setBounds(x,y,w,h);
}
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2.面板Panle
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Panel panel = new Panel();
//设置布局
frame.setLayout(null);
//frame坐标
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
frame.setBackground(new Color(16, 232, 70));
//panel坐标,相对于frame
panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
panel.setBackground(new Color(208, 16, 16));
//frame.add(panel);在frame中添加panle
frame.add(panel);
//设置可见
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听事件,监听窗口关闭事件
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//关闭程序
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
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2.3 布局管理器
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//组件(component)-按钮(button)
Button b1 = new Button("B1");
Button b2 = new Button("B2");
Button b3 = new Button("B3");
//设置为流式布局
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());默认靠中
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));//按流式布局靠左
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));//按流式布局靠左
//添加按钮
frame.add(b1);
frame.add(b2);
frame.add(b3);
frame.setSize(200,200);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
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public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("BorderLayout");
Button east = new Button("east");
Button west = new Button("west");
Button south = new Button("south");
Button north = new Button("north");
Button center = new Button("center");
frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setSize(200,200);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
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public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("Grid");
Button b1 = new Button("B1");
Button b2 = new Button("B2");
Button b3 = new Button("B3");
Button b4 = new Button("B4");
Button b5 = new Button("B5");
Button b6 = new Button("B6");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(b1);
frame.add(b2);
frame.add(b3);
frame.add(b4);
frame.add(b5);
frame.add(b6);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.pack();//java函数 自动优化布局
}
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布局练习:
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("练习");//创建frame对象
frame.setSize(500,450);//设置frame大小
frame.setLocation(500,500);//设置初始位置
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));//设置frame两行一列表格布局
frame.setBackground(Color.white);//设置背景白色
frame.setVisible(true);//设置可见性
Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());//创建p1对象,设置边缘布局
Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));//创建p2对象,设置两行一列表格布局
Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());//创建p3对象,设置边缘布局
Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));//设置p4对象,设置两行两列表格布局
frame.add(p1);//在frame中添加面板p1,p1在第一行第一列
frame.add(p3);//在frame中添加面板p2,p2在第二行第一列
p1.add(new Button("West-p1"),BorderLayout.WEST);//在面板p1的西边添加按钮
p1.add(new Button("East-p1"),BorderLayout.EAST);//在面板p1的东边添加按钮
p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);//在面板p1的中间添加面板p2
p2.add(new Button("b3-p2"));//在面板p2的第一行第一列添加按钮
p2.add(new Button("b4-p2"));//在面板p2的第二行第一列添加按钮
p3.add(new Button("West-p3"),BorderLayout.WEST);//在面板p3的西边添加按钮
p3.add(new Button("East-p3"),BorderLayout.EAST);//在面板p3的东边添加按钮
p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);//在面板p2的中间添加面板p4
p4.add(new Button("1-1"));
p4.add(new Button("1-2"));
p4.add(new Button("2-1"));
p4.add(new Button("2-2"));
}
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总结:
- Frame是一个顶级窗口
- Panel无法单独显示,必须添加到某个容器中
- 布局管理器 setLayout
1.流式:FlowLayout
2.边缘:BorderLayout
3.表格:GridLayout
- 大小(setSize),定位(setLocation),背景颜色(setBackground),可见性(setVisible)
- 监听 点击关闭
frame.addWindowsLinster(new WindowAdapter()){
@Override
public void WindowClosing(WindowEvent e){
System.exit(0)
}
})
2.4 事件监听
事件监听:当某个事情发生的时候,干什么?
//练习
public static void main(String[] args) {
//按下按钮的时候,触发一些事件
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button button = new Button();
//因为:addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener,所以我们需要一个ActionListener
button.addActionListener(new MyActionListener());
frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
windowClose(frame);
}
//关闭窗体的事件
private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("奥里给");
}
}
//多个按钮共享一个监听
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("开始 停止");
Button b1 = new Button("start");
Button b2 = new Button("stop");
b2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
b1.addActionListener(new MyMonitor());
b2.addActionListener(new MyMonitor());
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
frame.add(b1);
frame.add(b2);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//e.getActionCommand() 获取按钮上的信息
System.out.println("按钮被点击了:msg=>"+e.getActionCommand());
//if (e.getActionCommand().equals("start")){}
}
}
2.5 输入框TextField监听
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame2();
}
}
class MyFrame2 extends Frame{
public MyFrame2(){
TextField tf =new TextField();//创建TextField文本框
add(tf);
//监听这个文本框输入的文字
tf.addActionListener(new MyActionListener2());
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
TextField textField = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源 返回一个对象
System.out.println(textField.getText());//获得输入框中的文本
textField.setText("");//每次输入后文本框清零
}
}
2.6 简单计算器,组合+内部类回顾复习
oop原则:组合,大于继承!
class A extends B{
}
class A{
public B b;
}
/**
* 制作简易计算器
*/
public class TestCalculateDemo11 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator().loadFrame();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
TextField tf1,tf2,tf3;
public void loadFrame() {
tf1 = new TextField(10);
tf2 = new TextField(10);
tf3 = new TextField(20);
//一个按钮
Button b1 =new Button("=");
b1.addActionListener(new MyListener3(this));
//1个标签
Label l1 = new Label("+");
//流布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(tf1);
add(l1);
add(tf2);
add(b1);
add(tf3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听器类
class MyListener3 implements ActionListener{
Calculator calculator = null;
public MyListener3(Calculator calculator){
this.calculator = calculator;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1.获取加数和被加数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.tf1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.tf2.getText());
//2.得到和
calculator.tf3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
//3.清除前两个框
calculator.tf1.setText("");
calculator.tf2.setText("");
}
}
2.7 画笔
/**
* paint画笔
*/
public class PaintDemo12 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyPaint().loadFrame();
}
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
public void loadFrame(){
setVisible(true);
setBounds(200,200,600,500);
}
//画笔
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画笔需要有颜色,画笔可以画画
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
g.fillOval(200,200,100,100);
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
g.fillRect(150,150,50,50);
//养成习惯,画笔用完,将它还原到最初的颜色
}
}
2.8 鼠标监听
目的:想要实现鼠标画画
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
/**
* 鼠标监听
*/
public class MouseListenerDemo13 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame3("画图");
}
}
//自己的类
class MyFrame3 extends Frame{
//画画需要画笔,需要监听鼠标当前位置,需要集合来存储这个点
ArrayList points;
public MyFrame3(String name){
super(name);
setBounds(400,400,400,400);
setVisible(true);
points = new ArrayList();//创建points的集合
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());//添加鼠标监听事件
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画画,监听鼠标的事件
Iterator iterator = points.iterator();//创建points迭代器
//迭代器实例化points集合
while (iterator.hasNext()){
Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
}
}
//添加一个点到界面上的方法,形参为点!
public void addPaint(Point point){
points.add(point);
}
//鼠标适配器
private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
MyFrame3 frame = (MyFrame3)e.getSource();//获得对象,转化为MyFrame3类型
frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));//调用addPaint方法,将point点添加到points集合中
frame.repaint();//重画
}
}
}
2.9 窗口监听
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
/**
* 窗口监听
*/
public class WindowListenerDemo14 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame();
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
public WindowFrame(){
setBackground(Color.yellow);
setBounds(100,100,100,100);
setVisible(true);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("关闭窗口");
System.exit(0);
}
@Override
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("激活窗口");
}
});
}
}
2.10 键盘监听
import com.sun.scenario.effect.impl.sw.sse.SSEBlend_SRC_OUTPeer;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
/**
* 键盘监听
*/
public class KeyListenerDemo15 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new KeyFrame();
}
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
public KeyFrame(){
setBackground(Color.CYAN);
setBounds(100,100,200,200);
setVisible(true);
addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
//键盘按下
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
//键盘按下的键是哪一个
if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
System.out.println("你按下了上键");
}
}
});
}
}
3.Swing
3.1 JFrame
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JFrameDemo01 {
//init();初始化
public void init(){
//顶级窗口
JFrame jFrame = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
jFrame.setBounds(300,300,400,400);
jFrame.setVisible(true);
//设置文字JLable
JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("加油加油");
jFrame.add(jLabel);
//关闭事件
jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JFrameDemo01().init();
}
}
3.2 Dialog弹窗
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
/**
* 设置弹窗
*/
public class DialogDemo02 extends JFrame {
public DialogDemo02(){
setBounds(400,400,500,400);//设置尺寸和初始位置
setVisible(true);//设置可见
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//设置关闭
JButton jButton = new JButton("点我!");//创建按钮对象
jButton.setBounds(50,50,50,50);//设置按钮尺寸和初始位置
add(jButton);//添加按钮
jButton.addActionListener(new MyDialogListener());//添加监听对象
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new DialogDemo02();//创建对象
}
}
//按钮监听类
class MyDialogListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
new MyDialog();//创建弹窗对象
}
}
//弹窗类
class MyDialog extends JDialog{
public MyDialog(){
setBounds(300,300,300,200);
setVisible(true);
}
}
3.3 标签
Label标签
new Label("XXX");
Icon图标
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
/**
* Icon图标是一个接口,需要实现类
*/
public class IconDemo03 extends JFrame implements Icon {
private int width;//定义宽
private int height;//定义高
public IconDemo03(){}//空构造
public IconDemo03(int width,int height){//有参构造,导入宽和高
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
public void init(){
IconDemo03 iconDemo = new IconDemo03(15,15);
//图标可以放在标签上,也可以放在按钮上!
JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("iconTest",iconDemo,SwingConstants.CENTER);//创建标签,存入图标,标签居中
Container container = getContentPane();//得到容器
container.add(jLabel);
setBounds(300,300,300,300);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
@Override
public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
}
//获得图标的宽
@Override
public int getIconWidth() {
return this.width;
}
//获得图标的高
@Override
public int getIconHeight() {
return this.height;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new IconDemo03().init();
}
}
3.4 面板
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
/**
* 面板JPanel
*/
public class JPanelDemo05 extends JFrame {
public JPanelDemo05(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();//所有东西都要放在container中
container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面两个参数的意思时间距
JPanel jPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
;
container.add(jPanel);
jPanel.add(new Button("1"));
jPanel.add(new Button("2"));
jPanel.add(new Button("3"));
setBounds(50,50,100,100);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JPanelDemo05();
}
}
3.5 按钮
图片按钮
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* 按钮
*/
public class JButtonDemo07 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo07(){
//用JFrame的化需要获得一个容器
Container container = getContentPane();
//获得图标地址
URL url = JButtonDemo07.class.getResource("tx.jpg");
//获得一个图标
ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(url);
//把这个图标放在按钮上
JButton jButton = new JButton();
jButton.setIcon(icon);
jButton.setToolTipText("图片按钮");
//把按钮加在容器上
container.add(jButton);
setBounds(200,200,200,200);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo07();
}
}
JRaoidButton:单选按钮
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
/**
* JRadioButton 单选的按钮
*/
public class JButtonDemo08 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo08(){
//获得容器
Container container = getContentPane();
//定义按钮
JRadioButton jRadioButton1 = new JRadioButton("1");
JRadioButton jRadioButton2 = new JRadioButton("2");
JRadioButton jRadioButton3 = new JRadioButton("3");
//给按钮分组,同一个组的之只能单选
ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
group.add(jRadioButton1);
group.add(jRadioButton2);
group.add(jRadioButton3);
container.add(jRadioButton1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(jRadioButton2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
container.add(jRadioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
setBounds(200,200,200,200);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo08();
}
}
JCheckBox:多选框
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
/**
* JCheckBox 多选框
*/
public class JButtonDemo09 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo09(){
Container container = getContentPane();
//创建多选框
Checkbox checkbox1 = new Checkbox("1");
Checkbox checkbox2 = new Checkbox("2");
Checkbox checkbox3 = new Checkbox("3");
Checkbox checkbox4 = new Checkbox("4");
container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2));
container.add(checkbox1);
container.add(checkbox2);
container.add(checkbox3);
container.add(checkbox4);
setBounds(200,200,200,200);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo09();
}
}
3.6 列表
- 下拉框
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
/**
* Combobox下拉框
*/
public class ComboboxDemo10 extends JFrame {
public ComboboxDemo10(){
Container container = getContentPane();
JComboBox jComboBox = new JComboBox();
jComboBox.addItem("");
jComboBox.addItem("正在热映");
jComboBox.addItem("已下架");
jComboBox.addItem("即将上映");
container.add(jComboBox);
setBounds(200,200,200,200);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ComboboxDemo10();
}
}
- 列表框
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
/**
* 列表框 JList
*/
public class ComboboxDemo11 extends JFrame {
public ComboboxDemo11(){
Container container = getContentPane();
//生成列表的内容
String[] contents = {"aaa","bbb","ccc"};
//列表中需要放入内容
JList jList = new JList(contents);
container.add(jList);
setBounds(200,200,100,100);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ComboboxDemo11();
}
}
3.7 文本框
- 文本框TestField
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
/**
* 文本框 JTextField
*/
public class TextDemo12 extends JFrame {
public TextDemo12(){
Container container = getContentPane();
JTextField jTextField1 = new JTextField("Hello");
JTextField jTextField2 = new JTextField("World");
container.add(jTextField1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(jTextField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
setBounds(200,200,200,200);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TextDemo12();
}
}
- 密码框JPasswordField
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
/**
* 密码框 JPasswordField
*/
public class TextDemo13 extends JFrame{
public TextDemo13(){
Container container = getContentPane();
JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();
jPasswordField.setEchoChar('*');
container.add(jPasswordField,BorderLayout.NORTH);
setBounds(200,200,200,200);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TextDemo13();
}
}
- 文本域JTextArea