要求:
对于静态路由的配置,首先我们借助华为的eNSP或者Cisco Packet Tracer或者 H3C H3C Cloud Lab网络模拟软件进行网络拓扑图的构建及使用。并对其中的路由器,交换机,PC机有一定的知晓能力和进行有必要的文本字段说明,当然,使用合理的设备和熟练掌握要求将会使你完成的轻松一点。
1.确定广播域的总个数(计算网段的总个数)
总个数:15(14+1(5.5.5.0))
2.根据要求进行合理的IP地址划分
192.168.1.0/24 划分16个网段
192.168.1.0000 0000----192.168.1.0/28
192.168.1.0001 0000----192.168.1.16/28
192.168.1.0010 0000----192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.0011 0000----192.168.1.48/28
192.168.1.0100 0000----192.168.1.64/28
192.168.1.0101 0000----192.168.1.80/28
192.168.1.0110 0000----192.168.1.96/28
192.168.1.0111 0000----192.168.1.112/28
192.168.1.1000 0000----192.168.1.128/28
192.168.1.1001 0000----192.168.1.144/28
192.168.1.1010 0000----192.168.1.160/28
192.168.1.1011 0000----192.168.1.176/28
192.168.1.1100 0000----192.168.1.192/28
192.168.1.1101 0000----192.168.1.208/28
192.168.1.1110 0000----192.168.1.224/28
192.168.1.1111 0000----192.168.1.240/28
3.将从头到尾数相邻两个网段一组作为路由器的环回接口,在汇总和拆分时能够减少路由条目,提高转发效率的目的,且这样能减少路由黑洞的产生。并将网段信息注明在拓扑图上,方便自身查找IP地址或网段信息。
4.对所有的路由器的接口IP地址进行配置,使全网能够实现可以到达。
<r1>sys
<r1>system-view ----进入系统视图
R1-R5:
1.配置直连路由接口
[r1]int g 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[r1]int g 0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.177 28
[r2]int g 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.130 28
[r2]int g 0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28
[r3]int g 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.146 28
[r3]int g 0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.161 28
[r4]int g 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.178 28
[r4]int g 0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.162 28
[r4]int g 3/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.193 28
[r4]int g 0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.209 28
[r5]int g 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1210 28
[r5]int g 0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.194 28
2.配置环回接口
[r1]int LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.1 28
[r1]int LoopBack 1
[r1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.17 28
[r2]int LoopBack 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.32 28
[r2]int LoopBack 1
[r2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.48 28
[r3]int LoopBack 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.64 28
[r3]int LoopBack 1
[r3-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.80 28
[r4]int LoopBack 0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1. 96 28
[r4]int LoopBack 1
[r4-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.112 28
display ip interface brief ---- 查看路由接口IP
3.配置静态路由
R1:
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.130
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.130
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.130
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.178
ip route-static 192.168.1.144 28 192.168.1.130
ip route-static 192.168.1.168 28 192.168.1.178
ip route-static 192.168.1.192 28 192.168.1.178
ip route-static 192.168.1.208 28 192.168.1.178
R2:
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 192.168.1.129
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.146
ip route-static 192.168.1.176 28 192.168.1.129
ip route-static 192.168.1.160 28 192.168.1.146
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.129
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.146
ip route-static 192.168.1.192 27 192.168.1.129
R3:
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.145
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.162
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 192.168.1.145
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 192.168.1.162
ip route-static 192.168.1.128 28 192.168.1.145
ip route-static 192.168.1.176 28 192.168.1.162
ip route-static 192.168.1.192 28 192.168.1.162
ip route-static 192.168.1.208 28 192.168.1.162
R4:
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 192.168.1.177
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.161
ip route-static 192.168.1.128 28 192.168.1.177
ip route-static 192.168.1.144 28 192.168.1.161
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.177
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.145
R5:
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 192.168.1.193
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.193
ip route-static 192.168.1.128 28 192.168.1.193
ip route-static 192.168.1.144 28 192.168.1.193
ip route-static 192.168.1.160 28 192.168.1.193
ip route-static 192.168.1.176 28 192.168.1.193
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.193
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.193
4.要求R1-R4上不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24网段的静态路由,但依然可以访问.这里我们可以使用缺省路由对R1-R4进行配置。
R1
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.178
R2
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.146
R3
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.162
R4
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.194
5.对R4-R5有两条传输线路,上面网段的传输速度为1000Mbit/s,下面的网段的传输速度为100Mbit/s,两个的传输速率不相同,显然上面的传输速率大于下面。所以我们使用负载均衡。路由器默认的静态路由的优先级为60,这样我们可以通过修改路由的优先级,来达到实现路由的备份效果。
对于AR4:
ip route-static 5.5.5.0 24 192.168.1.210 preference 61
对于AR5:
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.209 preference 61
测试: