C/C++ windows TCP/IP WinSock2 简单使用

C/C++ windows TCP/IP WinSock2 简单使用

头文件以及库

#include <WinSock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")

• 特别说明及注意事项：

  • UDP Server listen()后 不需要使用 accept()来接受连接 否则会出错

  • 同时建议 UDP 收发使用recvfrom()``sendto()而不是 recv() send()

  • TCP server accept() 时会阻塞线程

  • 为了方便测试 以下都是做的回环 设置好ip和port 使用网络助手进行测试

  • 以下用到都是一些基础用法 理论知识其它博客有非常多 就不讲了

udp_loopback

int udp_loopback()
{
    WSAData wData;
    int iResult;
    SOCKET skt_recv = INVALID_SOCKET;
    SOCKADDR_IN addr_server;
    SOCKADDR_IN addr_client;

    WORD verRequest = MAKEWORD(1, 1); //最低版本支持

    char local_ip[16] = "127.0.0.1";
    u_short local_port = 4002;
    char remote_ip[16] = "127.0.0.1";
    u_short remote_port = 4003;

    char sendbuf[BUFFER_SIZE],recvbuf[BUFFER_SIZE];

    iResult = WSAStartup(verRequest, &wData);    //WSA初始化
    if (iResult != NO_ERROR)    
    {
        printf("WSAStartup failed with error:%d\n",iResult);
        return 1;
    }
    printf("szDescription ：%s \n", wData.szDescription);

    // set Ip addr
    addr_server.sin_family = AF_INET;
    inet_pton(addr_server.sin_family, local_ip, &(addr_server.sin_addr));
    addr_server.sin_port = htons(local_port);
    addr_client.sin_family = AF_INET;
    inet_pton(addr_client.sin_family, remote_ip, &(addr_client.sin_addr));
    addr_client.sin_port = htons(remote_port);

    //socket
    skt_recv = socket(addr_server.sin_family, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);    //SOCK_DGRAM UDP
    if (skt_recv == INVALID_SOCKET)
    {
        printf("socket failed with error:%s\n", WSAGetLastError());
        closesocket(skt_recv);
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }
    // bind
    iResult = bind(skt_recv, (SOCKADDR*)&addr_server, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
    if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        printf("bind failed with error:%d\n", WSAGetLastError());
        closesocket(skt_recv);
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }
    // listen  return -1 ？？
    iResult = listen(skt_recv, SOMAXCONN); //SOMAXCONN 无最大字节限制

    SOCKADDR_IN addr_temp;
    int addrLen = sizeof(SOCKADDR);
    while (true)
    {
        int last = recvfrom(skt_recv, recvbuf, 1024, 0, (SOCKADDR*)&addr_temp, &addrLen);
        if (last > 0)
        {
            char server_ip[16];
            inet_ntop(AF_INET, &addr_temp.sin_addr.s_addr, server_ip, 16);
            recvbuf[last] = '\0';
            printf("Client addr:%s port:%d\n%s\n", server_ip, addr_temp.sin_port, recvbuf);
            sendto(skt_recv, recvbuf, strlen(recvbuf), 0, (SOCKADDR*)&addr_client, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
        }
    }
    closesocket(skt_recv);
    WSACleanup();

    return 0;
}

tcp_server_loopback

int tcp_server_loopback()
{
    WORD verRequest = MAKEWORD(1, 1); //最低版本支持
    WSAData wData;
    int err = WSAStartup(verRequest, &wData);    //WSA初始化
    if (err != NO_ERROR)
    {
        printf("Initialization WSA Failed!");
        WSACleanup();
        ExitProcess(err);
    }
    printf("szDescription ：%s \n", wData.szDescription);

    SOCKET sockSrv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);    //建立服务器套接字 0 SOCK_DGRAM UDP   SOCK_STREAM TCP
    if (sockSrv == INVALID_SOCKET)
    {
        printf("Error:%s\n", WSAGetLastError());
        closesocket(sockSrv);
        WSACleanup();
        ExitProcess(INVALID_SOCKET);
    }

    // set IP Port
    SOCKADDR_IN addrSrv;
    addrSrv.sin_family = AF_INET;
    inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &(addrSrv.sin_addr));
    addrSrv.sin_port = htons(4000);
    // bind
    if (bind(sockSrv, (SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, sizeof(SOCKADDR)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        printf("Error:%d\n", WSAGetLastError());
        closesocket(sockSrv);
        WSACleanup();
    }

    // listen
    listen(sockSrv, SOMAXCONN); //SOMAXCONN 无最大字节限制

    char sendbuf[BUFFER_SIZE] = "Hello I'm Tcp  Server!",
        recvbuf[BUFFER_SIZE];

    SOCKET sockClient = INVALID_SOCKET;
    SOCKADDR_IN addrCli;
    int len = sizeof(SOCKADDR_IN);
    sockClient = accept(sockSrv, (SOCKADDR*)&addrCli, &len);
    if (sockClient == INVALID_SOCKET)
    {
        printf("Error:%d\n", WSAGetLastError());
        closesocket(sockClient);
        closesocket(sockSrv);
        WSACleanup();
        ExitProcess(INVALID_SOCKET);
    }
    closesocket(sockSrv);

    int result;
    while (true)
    {
        result = recv(sockClient, recvbuf, sizeof(recvbuf), 0);
        if (result > 0)
        {
            char server_ip[16];
            inet_ntop(AF_INET, &addrCli.sin_addr.s_addr, server_ip, 16);
            printf("Client addr:%s port:%d\n", server_ip, addrCli.sin_port);
            recvbuf[result] = '\0';
            printf("Client: %s\n", recvbuf);
            send(sockClient, recvbuf, result, 0);
        }
    }
    closesocket(sockClient);
    WSACleanup();
    ExitProcess(0);

    return 0;
}

tcp_client_loopback

int tcp_client_loopback()
{
    WORD verRequest = MAKEWORD(1, 1); //最低版本支持
    WSAData wData;
    int err = WSAStartup(verRequest, &wData);    //WSA初始化
    if (err != 0)
    {
        printf("Initialization WSA Failed!");
        WSACleanup();
        ExitProcess(err);
    }
    printf("szDescription ：%s \n", wData.szDescription);

    // set server addr
    SOCKADDR_IN addrSrv;
    addrSrv.sin_family = AF_INET;
    inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &(addrSrv.sin_addr));
    addrSrv.sin_port = htons(4000);

    SOCKET sockClient = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    connect(sockClient, (SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, sizeof(SOCKADDR));

    char sendbuf[BUFFER_SIZE] = "Hello I'm UDP client!",
        recvbuf[BUFFER_SIZE];

    //获取接入的客户端信息
    int addrLen = sizeof(SOCKADDR);

    send(sockClient, sendbuf, sizeof(sendbuf), 0);
    int result;
    while (true)
    {
        result = recv(sockClient, recvbuf, sizeof(recvbuf), 0);
        if (result > 0)
        {
            recvbuf[result] = '\0';
            printf("Recv:%s\n", recvbuf);
            send(sockClient, recvbuf, result, 0);
        }
        else if (result == 0)
        {
            printf("Server Closed\n");
            break;
        }
        else
        {
            printf("recv Failed : %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
        }
    }
    closesocket(sockClient);
    WSACleanup();
    ExitProcess(0);
    return 0;
}

实用操作

• 设置收发缓冲区大小

int buf_size = 1024 * 1024 * 1; // 1M buff
setsockopt(m_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (const char*)&buf_size, sizeof(buf_size));	// 设置发送缓冲区大小
setsockopt(m_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (const char*)&buf_size, sizeof(buf_size)); 	// 设置接收缓冲区大小

• 设置阻塞超时，对Udp的recvfrom来说默认是一直阻塞直到数据到来，但往往我们并不希望程序一直在这里阻塞着

int timeout = 100;	// 100 ms
setsockopt(m_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, (const char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout));	// 设置发送超时时间
setsockopt(m_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (const char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout));  // 设置接收超时时间

更多详细设置可查看setsockopt 函数 (winsock.h)

参考

官方客户端例子
官方服务端例子
官方错误码列表
C语言网络编程（1）— UDP通信
c++ socket通信(TCP/IP) 简单实例 (Windows)