C/C++ windows TCP/IP WinSock2 简单使用
文章目录
头文件以及库
#include <WinSock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
-
特别说明及注意事项:
-
UDP Server
listen()
后 不需要使用accept()
来接受连接 否则会出错 -
同时建议
UDP
收发使用recvfrom()``sendto()
而不是recv()
send()
-
TCP server
accept()
时会阻塞线程 -
为了方便测试 以下都是做的回环 设置好
ip
和port
使用网络助手进行测试 -
以下用到都是一些基础用法 理论知识其它博客有非常多 就不讲了
-
udp_loopback
int udp_loopback()
{
WSAData wData;
int iResult;
SOCKET skt_recv = INVALID_SOCKET;
SOCKADDR_IN addr_server;
SOCKADDR_IN addr_client;
WORD verRequest = MAKEWORD(1, 1); //最低版本支持
char local_ip[16] = "127.0.0.1";
u_short local_port = 4002;
char remote_ip[16] = "127.0.0.1";
u_short remote_port = 4003;
char sendbuf[BUFFER_SIZE],recvbuf[BUFFER_SIZE];
iResult = WSAStartup(verRequest, &wData); //WSA初始化
if (iResult != NO_ERROR)
{
printf("WSAStartup failed with error:%d\n",iResult);
return 1;
}
printf("szDescription :%s \n", wData.szDescription);
// set Ip addr
addr_server.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(addr_server.sin_family, local_ip, &(addr_server.sin_addr));
addr_server.sin_port = htons(local_port);
addr_client.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(addr_client.sin_family, remote_ip, &(addr_client.sin_addr));
addr_client.sin_port = htons(remote_port);
//socket
skt_recv = socket(addr_server.sin_family, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); //SOCK_DGRAM UDP
if (skt_recv == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
printf("socket failed with error:%s\n", WSAGetLastError());
closesocket(skt_recv);
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
// bind
iResult = bind(skt_recv, (SOCKADDR*)&addr_server, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("bind failed with error:%d\n", WSAGetLastError());
closesocket(skt_recv);
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
// listen return -1 ??
iResult = listen(skt_recv, SOMAXCONN); //SOMAXCONN 无最大字节限制
SOCKADDR_IN addr_temp;
int addrLen = sizeof(SOCKADDR);
while (true)
{
int last = recvfrom(skt_recv, recvbuf, 1024, 0, (SOCKADDR*)&addr_temp, &addrLen);
if (last > 0)
{
char server_ip[16];
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &addr_temp.sin_addr.s_addr, server_ip, 16);
recvbuf[last] = '\0';
printf("Client addr:%s port:%d\n%s\n", server_ip, addr_temp.sin_port, recvbuf);
sendto(skt_recv, recvbuf, strlen(recvbuf), 0, (SOCKADDR*)&addr_client, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
}
}
closesocket(skt_recv);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
tcp_server_loopback
int tcp_server_loopback()
{
WORD verRequest = MAKEWORD(1, 1); //最低版本支持
WSAData wData;
int err = WSAStartup(verRequest, &wData); //WSA初始化
if (err != NO_ERROR)
{
printf("Initialization WSA Failed!");
WSACleanup();
ExitProcess(err);
}
printf("szDescription :%s \n", wData.szDescription);
SOCKET sockSrv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); //建立服务器套接字 0 SOCK_DGRAM UDP SOCK_STREAM TCP
if (sockSrv == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
printf("Error:%s\n", WSAGetLastError());
closesocket(sockSrv);
WSACleanup();
ExitProcess(INVALID_SOCKET);
}
// set IP Port
SOCKADDR_IN addrSrv;
addrSrv.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &(addrSrv.sin_addr));
addrSrv.sin_port = htons(4000);
// bind
if (bind(sockSrv, (SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, sizeof(SOCKADDR)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("Error:%d\n", WSAGetLastError());
closesocket(sockSrv);
WSACleanup();
}
// listen
listen(sockSrv, SOMAXCONN); //SOMAXCONN 无最大字节限制
char sendbuf[BUFFER_SIZE] = "Hello I'm Tcp Server!",
recvbuf[BUFFER_SIZE];
SOCKET sockClient = INVALID_SOCKET;
SOCKADDR_IN addrCli;
int len = sizeof(SOCKADDR_IN);
sockClient = accept(sockSrv, (SOCKADDR*)&addrCli, &len);
if (sockClient == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
printf("Error:%d\n", WSAGetLastError());
closesocket(sockClient);
closesocket(sockSrv);
WSACleanup();
ExitProcess(INVALID_SOCKET);
}
closesocket(sockSrv);
int result;
while (true)
{
result = recv(sockClient, recvbuf, sizeof(recvbuf), 0);
if (result > 0)
{
char server_ip[16];
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &addrCli.sin_addr.s_addr, server_ip, 16);
printf("Client addr:%s port:%d\n", server_ip, addrCli.sin_port);
recvbuf[result] = '\0';
printf("Client: %s\n", recvbuf);
send(sockClient, recvbuf, result, 0);
}
}
closesocket(sockClient);
WSACleanup();
ExitProcess(0);
return 0;
}
tcp_client_loopback
int tcp_client_loopback()
{
WORD verRequest = MAKEWORD(1, 1); //最低版本支持
WSAData wData;
int err = WSAStartup(verRequest, &wData); //WSA初始化
if (err != 0)
{
printf("Initialization WSA Failed!");
WSACleanup();
ExitProcess(err);
}
printf("szDescription :%s \n", wData.szDescription);
// set server addr
SOCKADDR_IN addrSrv;
addrSrv.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &(addrSrv.sin_addr));
addrSrv.sin_port = htons(4000);
SOCKET sockClient = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
connect(sockClient, (SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
char sendbuf[BUFFER_SIZE] = "Hello I'm UDP client!",
recvbuf[BUFFER_SIZE];
//获取接入的客户端信息
int addrLen = sizeof(SOCKADDR);
send(sockClient, sendbuf, sizeof(sendbuf), 0);
int result;
while (true)
{
result = recv(sockClient, recvbuf, sizeof(recvbuf), 0);
if (result > 0)
{
recvbuf[result] = '\0';
printf("Recv:%s\n", recvbuf);
send(sockClient, recvbuf, result, 0);
}
else if (result == 0)
{
printf("Server Closed\n");
break;
}
else
{
printf("recv Failed : %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
}
}
closesocket(sockClient);
WSACleanup();
ExitProcess(0);
return 0;
}
实用操作
- 设置收发缓冲区大小
int buf_size = 1024 * 1024 * 1; // 1M buff
setsockopt(m_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (const char*)&buf_size, sizeof(buf_size)); // 设置发送缓冲区大小
setsockopt(m_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (const char*)&buf_size, sizeof(buf_size)); // 设置接收缓冲区大小
- 设置阻塞超时,对
Udp
的recvfrom
来说默认是一直阻塞直到数据到来,但往往我们并不希望程序一直在这里阻塞着
int timeout = 100; // 100 ms
setsockopt(m_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, (const char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout)); // 设置发送超时时间
setsockopt(m_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (const char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout)); // 设置接收超时时间
更多详细设置可查看setsockopt 函数 (winsock.h)
参考
官方客户端例子
官方服务端例子
官方错误码列表
C语言网络编程(1)— UDP通信
c++ socket通信(TCP/IP) 简单实例 (Windows)