1.什么是事务?
对数据库的一系列操作中,保证同时成功或者同时失败,不能出现部分成功,部分失败的情况。而这一系列操作称为数据库额的事务。
2.事务的特性
原子性:指事务是一个不可分割的工作单位,事务的操作要么都发生,要么都不发生。
一致性:事务前后的数据的完整性必须保持一致。
隔离性:指多个用户并发访问数据库时,一个用户的事务不能被其他用户的事务干扰,多个并发之间的数据相互隔离。
持久性:指一个事务一旦被提交,它对数据库中数据的改变是永久的,接下来即使数据库发生故障也不应该对其产生任何的影响。
3.事务的隔离级别
使用java操作的时候设置隔离级别由高到低分别为:
Serializable:可避免脏读、不可重复读、虚读情况的发生。
Repeatable read:可避免脏读、不可重复读情况发生。(可以重复读)
Read committed:可避免脏读的情况发生。(读已提交)。
Read uncommitted:最低级别,以上情况均为无法保证(读未提交的)。
脏读:指一个事务读取到了另一个事务未提交的数据。
不可重复读:在一个事务内读取表中某一行数据,多次读取结果不同(一个事务读取到另一个事务提交的数据)。
虚读:是指一个事务内读取到了别的事务插入的数据,导致前后数据不一致。
注意:大多数数据库默认的事务级别是Read committed,比如SqlServer Oracle。MySQL的默认隔离级别Repeatable read。
4.Spring的事务控制管理器
Spring提供的事务:PlatformTransactionManager其中提供了三个方法
getTransaction(TransactionDefinition)---得到一个事务管理对象
TransactionDefinition事务描述者【对要操作的事务进行简单的设置】
commit() 提交事务
rollback() 事务回滚
根据dao层(持久层/数据访问层)使用的不同的框架PlatformTransactionManager 的主要实现类大致如下:
1.当使用JDBC和MyBatis进行数据持久化操作的情况:DataSourceTransactionManager类
2.当使用Hibernate进行数据持久化操作的情况:HibernateTransactionManager类
5.具体事务管理操作【声明式事务管理】
声明式事务管理---不用写java代码,在Spring的配置文件中通过配置来设置事务管理。
1).基于xml方式的事务管理操作
(1)下载依赖包
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring-jdbc -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring_tx -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MyBatis依赖 -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis-spring 整合包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql数据库驱动 -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.38</version>
</dependency>
<!--druid 阿里的连接池-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.7</version>
</dependency>
(2).创建mapper接口
import java.util.HashMap;
public interface TransferMapper {
//加钱
public void addMony(HashMap<String,Object> parms);
//减钱
public void lessMony(HashMap<String,Object> parms);
}
(3)配置映射文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.wangxing.demo1.mapper.TransferMapper">
<update id="addMoney" parameterType="java.util.HashMap">
update t_account set money=money+#{mymoney} where user_name=#{myname};
</update>
<update id="lessMoney" parameterType="java.util.HashMap">
update t_account set money=money-#{mymoney} where user_name=#{myname};
</update>
</mapper>
(4)编写Spring配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!-- 配置自动扫描包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.demo.service"></context:component-scan>
<!--读取资源文件-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
<!-- 配置数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${mydriver}"></property>
<property name="url" value="${myurl}"></property>
<property name="username" value="${myusername}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${mypassword}"></property>
</bean>
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:TransferMapper.xml"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置扫描数据库访问接口,创建数据库访问对象 -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.demo.mapper"></property>
</bean>
<!--事务配置-->
<!-- 事务配置-->
<!-- 1.创建事务对象-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<!-- 配置数据源 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 2创建事务 -->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="transfer"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!-- 通过aop将上面创建好的事物,作用到指定的业务方法中去 -->
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* com.demo.service.TransferService.transfer())"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="point"></aop:advisor>
</aop:config>
</beans>
(5)创建业务处理类
import com.demo.mapper.TransferMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.HashMap;
@Service
public class TransferService {
@Autowired
private TransferMapper transferMapper;
public void transfer(){
HashMap<String, Object> liuneng;
liuneng = new HashMap<String, Object>();
liuneng.put("name", "张三");
liuneng.put("age", 100);
int i = 1/0;
transferMapper.addMony(liuneng);
HashMap<String, Object> zhaosi = new HashMap<String, Object>();
zhaosi.put("name", "李四");
zhaosi.put("age", 100);
transferMapper.lessMony(zhaosi);
System.out.println("事务添加成功");
}
}
(6)配置数据库链接资源文件
mydriver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
myurl = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test
myusername = root
mypassword = 123456
(7)测试
import com.demo.service.TransferService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TestMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContextTwo.xml");
TransferService transferService = ac.getBean("transferService", TransferService.class);
transferService.transfer();
}
}
2).基于注解方式的事务管理操作
步骤同上需要更改(4)和(5)
(4)Spring配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.demo.service"></context:component-scan>
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${mydriver}"></property>
<property name="url" value="${myurl}"></property>
<property name="username" value="${myusername}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${mypassword}"></property>
</bean>
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:TransferMapper.xml"></property>
</bean>
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.demo.mapper"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"></tx:annotation-driven>
</beans>
(5)Service添加注解
import com.demo.mapper.TransferMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.HashMap;
@Service
public class TransferService {
@Autowired
private TransferMapper transferMapper;
@Transactional
public void transfer(){
HashMap<String, Object> liuneng;
liuneng = new HashMap<String, Object>();
liuneng.put("name", "张三");
liuneng.put("age", 100);
int i = 1/0;
transferMapper.addMony(liuneng);
HashMap<String, Object> zhaosi = new HashMap<String, Object>();
zhaosi.put("name", "李四");
zhaosi.put("age", 100);
transferMapper.lessMony(zhaosi);
System.out.println("事务添加成功");
}
}
无奈源于不够强大