Mybatis是一个优秀的基于 java 的持久层框架,它内部封装了 jdbc,使开发者只需要关注 sql语句本身, 而不需要花费精力去处理加载驱动、创建连接、创建 statement 等繁杂的过程。
mybatis通过xml 或注解的方式将要执行的各种statement配置起来,并通过java对象和statement 中 sql 的动态参数进行映射生成最终执行的 sql 语句,最后由 mybatis 框架执行 sql 并将结果映射为 java 对象并返回。
采用 ORM 思想解决了实体和数据库映射的问题,对 jdbc进行了封装,屏蔽了 jdbc api 底层访问细节,使我们不用与 jdbc api 打交道,就可以完成对数据库的持久化操作。
一般开发步骤:
1.创建maven工程,pom.xml中添加坐标
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2.创建实体类
public class User implements Serializable{
private Integer id;
private String username;
private Date birthday;
private String sex;
private String address;
public User() {
}
public User(Integer id, String username, Date birthday, String sex, String address) {
this.id = id;
this.username = username;
this.birthday = birthday;
this.sex = sex;
this.address = address;
}
//省略Getter和Setter方法未写
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", birthday=" + birthday +
", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
", address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
3. 编写持久层接口 IUserDao
public interface IUserDao {
List<User> findAll();
void saveUser(User user);
}
4.编写持久层接口的映射文件 IUserDao.xml (创建位置:必须和持久层接口在相同的包中;名称:必须以持久层接口名称命名文件名,扩展名是.xml )
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.itheima.dao.IUserDao">
<select id="findAll" resultType="com.itheima.domain.User">
SELECT * FROM user
</select>
<insert id="saveUser" parameterType="com.itheima.domain.User">
INSERT INTO user(username,address,sex,birthday)VALUE(#{username},#{address},#{sex},#{birthday})
</insert>
</mapper>
5.编写 SqlMapConfig.xml 配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<!--mybatis主配置文件-->
<configuration>
<!--配置环境-->
<environments default="mysql">
<!--配置mysql的环境-->
<environment id="mysql">
<!--配置事务类型-->
<transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
<!--配置数据源(连接池)-->
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/eesy_mybatis"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/itheima/dao/IUserDao.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
Tip:Mappers 标签是用来加载映射文件的
6.编写测试类
public class MybatisTest {
private InputStream in;
private SqlSession session;
private IUserDao userDao;
@Before
public void init() throws Exception {
//1.读取配置文件
in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");
//2.创建SqlSessionFactory工厂
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder builder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
SqlSessionFactory factory = builder.build(in);
//3.使用工厂生产SqlSession对象
session = factory.openSession();
//4.使用SqlSession创建Dao接口的代理对象
userDao = session.getMapper(IUserDao.class);
}
@After
public void destroy() throws Exception {
//6.释放资源
session.close();
in.close();
}
@Test
public void testFindAll() {
//5.使用代理对象执行方法
List<User> users = userDao.findAll();
for (User user : users) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
@Test
public void testSave() {
User user = new User();
user.setUsername("mybaits saveuser");
user.setAddress("北京市顺义区");
user.setSex("男");
user.setBirthday(new Date());
//5.使用代理对象执行保存方法
userDao.saveUser(user);
session.commit();
}
}