k8s超详细总结，面试必问（1）

kubernetes – 01

kubernetes 安装

按照如下配置准备云主机

主机名	IP地址	最低配置
master	192.168.1.21	2CPU,2G内存
node-0001	192.168.1.31	2CPU,2G内存
node-0002	192.168.1.32	2CPU,2G内存
node-0003	192.168.1.33	2CPU,2G内存
registry	192.168.1.100	1CPU,1G内存

kube-master安装

1、防火墙相关配置

参考前面知识点完成禁用 selinux，禁用 swap，卸载 firewalld-*

2、配置yum仓库

[root@ecs-proxy ~]# cp -a v1.17.6/k8s-install  /var/ftp/localrepo/
[root@ecs-proxy ~]# cd /var/ftp/localrepo/
[root@ecs-proxy localrepo]# createrepo --update .

3、安装工具软件包

安装kubeadm、kubectl、kubelet、docker-ce

[root@master ~]# yum makecache
[root@master ~]# yum install -y kubeadm kubelet kubectl docker-ce
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /etc/docker
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
    "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
    "registry-mirrors": ["https://hub-mirror.c.163.com"],
    "insecure-registries":["192.168.1.100:5000", "registry:5000"]
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now docker kubelet
[root@master ~]# docker info |grep Cgroup
Cgroup Driver: systemd
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[root@master ~]# modprobe br_netfilter
[root@master ~]# sysctl --system

4、镜像导入私有仓库

# 把云盘 kubernetes/v1.17.6/base-images 中的镜像拷贝到 master
[root@master ~]# cd base-images/
[root@master base-image]# for i in *.tar.gz;do docker load -i ${i};done
[root@master base-image]# docker images
[root@master base-image]# docker images |awk '$2!="TAG"{print $1,$2}'|while read _f _v;do
    docker tag ${_f}:${_v} 192.168.1.100:5000/${_f##*/}:${_v}; 
    docker push 192.168.1.100:5000/${_f##*/}:${_v}; 
    docker rmi ${_f}:${_v}; 
done
# 查看验证
[root@master base-image]# curl http://192.168.1.100:5000/v2/_catalog

5、Tab键设置

[root@master ~]# kubectl completion bash >/etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl
[root@master ~]# kubeadm completion bash >/etc/bash_completion.d/kubeadm
[root@master ~]# exit

6、安装IPVS代理软件包

[root@master ~]# yum install -y ipvsadm ipset

7、系统初始化，排错

根据提示排错若干

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.1.21	master
192.168.1.31	node-0001
192.168.1.32	node-0002
192.168.1.33	node-0003
192.168.1.100	registry
[root@master ~]# kubeadm init --dry-run

8、使用kubeadm部署

应答文件在云盘的 kubernetes/v1.17.6/config 目录下

[root@master ~]# mkdir init;cd init
# 拷贝 kubeadm-init.yaml 到 master 云主机 init 目录下
[root@master init]# kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-init.yaml |tee master-init.log
# 根据提示执行命令
[root@master init]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@master init]# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@master init]# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

9、验证安装结果

[root@master ~]# kubectl version
[root@master ~]# kubectl get componentstatuses
NAME                        STATUS      	MESSAGE             	ERROR
controller-manager       	Healthy         ok
scheduler                   Healthy   		ok
etcd-0                 		Healthy   		{"health":"true"}

计算节点安装

1、获取token

# 创建token
[root@master ~]# kubeadm token create --ttl=0 --print-join-command
[root@master ~]# kubeadm token list
# 获取token_hash
[root@master ~]# openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt |openssl rsa -pubin -outform der |openssl dgst -sha256 -hex

2、node安装

拷贝云盘上 kubernetes/v1.17.6/node-install 到跳板机

[root@ecs-proxy ~]# cd node-install/
[root@ecs-proxy node-install]# vim files/hosts
::1             localhost       localhost.localdomain   localhost6      localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1       localhost       localhost.localdomain   localhost4      localhost4.localdomain4
192.168.1.21    master
192.168.1.31    node-0001
192.168.1.32    node-0002
192.168.1.33    node-0003
192.168.1.100   registry
[root@ecs-proxy node-install]# vim node_install.yaml
... ...
  vars:
    master: '192.168.1.21:6443'
    token: 'fm6kui.mp8rr3akn74a3nyn'
    token_hash: 'sha256:f46dd7ee29faa3c096cad189b0f9aedf59421d8a881f7623a543065fa6b0088c'
... ...
[root@ecs-proxy node-install]# ansible-playbook node_install.yaml

3、验证安装

[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME        STATUS     ROLES    AGE     VERSION
master      NotReady   master   130m    v1.17.6
node-0001   NotReady   <none>   2m14s   v1.17.6
node-0002   NotReady   <none>   2m15s   v1.17.6
node-0003   NotReady   <none>   2m9s    v1.17.6

网络插件安装配置

拷贝云盘 kubernetes/v1.17.6/flannel 目录到 master 上

1、上传镜像到私有仓库

[root@master ~]# cd flannel
[root@master flannel]# docker load -i flannel.tar.gz
[root@master flannel]# docker tag quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64 192.168.1.100:5000/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64
[root@master flannel]# docker push 192.168.1.100:5000/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64

2、修改配置文件并安装

[root@master flannel]# vim kube-flannel.yml
128: "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
172: image: 192.168.1.100:5000/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64
186: image: 192.168.1.100:5000/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64
227-结尾: 删除
[root@master flannel]# kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

3、验证结果

[root@master flannel]# kubectl get nodes
NAME  		STATUS	ROLES	AGE		VERSION
master		Ready	master	26h		v1.17.6
node-0001	Ready	<none>	151m	v1.17.6
node-0002	Ready	<none>	152m	v1.17.6
node-0003	Ready	<none>	153m	v1.17.6