二分查找的几种写法

寻找一个数（基本的二分搜索）

int binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {
    int left = 0; 
    int right = nums.length - 1; // 注意
//1. 这里是<=
   while(left <= right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
        if(nums[mid] == target)
            return mid; 
        else if (nums[mid] < target)
        //2. mid+1;
            left = mid + 1; // 注意
        else if (nums[mid] > target)
            right = mid - 1; // 注意
    }
    return -1;
}

寻找左侧边界的二分搜索

int left_bound(int[] nums, int target) {
    if (nums.length == 0) return -1;
    int left = 0;
    int right = nums.length; // 注意
    
    while (left < right) { // 注意
        int mid = (left + right) / 2;
        if (nums[mid] == target) {
            right = mid;
        } else if (nums[mid] < target) {
            left = mid + 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] > target) {
            right = mid; // 注意
        }
    }
    return left;
}

寻找左侧边界的二分搜索–统一

int left_bound(int[] nums, int target) {
    int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
    // 搜索区间为 [left, right]
    while (left <= right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
        if (nums[mid] < target) {
            // 搜索区间变为 [mid+1, right]
            left = mid + 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] > target) {
            // 搜索区间变为 [left, mid-1]
            right = mid - 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] == target) {
            // 收缩右侧边界
            right = mid - 1;
        }
    }
    // 检查出界情况
    if (left >= nums.length || nums[left] != target)
        return -1;
    return left;
}

寻找右侧边界的二分查找

int right_bound(int[] nums, int target) {
    if (nums.length == 0) return -1;
    int left = 0, right = nums.length;
    
    while (left < right) {
        int mid = (left + right) / 2;
        if (nums[mid] == target) {
            left = mid + 1; // 注意
        } else if (nums[mid] < target) {
            left = mid + 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] > target) {
            right = mid;
        }
    }
    return left - 1; // 注意
}

寻找右侧边界的二分查找–统一

int right_bound(int[] nums, int target) {
    int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
    while (left <= right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
        if (nums[mid] < target) {
            left = mid + 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] > target) {
            right = mid - 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] == target) {
            // 这里改成收缩左侧边界即可
            left = mid + 1;
        }
    }
    // 这里改为检查 right 越界的情况，见下图
    if (right < 0 || nums[right] != target)
        return -1;
    return right;
}