Spring(三)注解开发-全注解整合DbUtils、Junit

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-03 16:35:17 发布

李哩哩学java

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-03 16:35:17 发布

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文章标签： spring java spring boot

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_50204197/article/details/129252230

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本文介绍了Spring框架中的常用注解，如@Component、@Repository、@Service、@Controller以及依赖注入的注解@Autowired和@Resource。详细展示了如何使用注解整合DbUtils进行数据库操作，并且讲解了如何在Spring中配置数据源和查询runner。此外，还讨论了Spring与JUnit的整合，如何在JUnit测试中利用Spring的上下文。

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1.spring常用注解

2.使用Spring注解整合DbUtils

3.使用纯注解整合DbUtils

4.spring整合junit

1.spring常用注解

Spring常用注解主要是替代<bean>的配置。

IOC：控制反转

- @Component 就是把对象交给IOC，以下这三个注解是@Component的子注解
@Component("这个对象的id值") // 如果没有执行默认是当前类名首字母小写

- @Repository 在dao层上使用

- @Service 在业务上使用

- @Controller 在web层上使用

这些注解是可以混用的，但是这些注解如果想生效那么必须扫描到才可以

Dependency Injection ：DI 依赖注入

- @Autowired 根据类型注入，如果这个类型下有多个实现类时就会有问题，可以结合@Qualifies使用

- @Qualifies 不能单独使用，一定要配合@Autowired使用根据名称（id值）匹配

- @Resource(name="beanId") 就是根据名称注入，如果没有指定名称,默认使用的就是这个属性名称

Resource就是单纯的根据名称注入，默认使用的名称就是这个属性名称

Autowired就是单纯的根据类型注入，有多个实现类时就会有问题必须要结合@Qualifies使用

其他注解

- @Scope 相当于 scope="" 范围配置

- @PostConstruct 相当于 init-method="" 对象初始化时执行。

- @PreDestroy 相当于 destroy-method="" 对象销毁时执行

pom.xml

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.8.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <properties>

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.study"/>

    <!--<bean id="userDao" class="com.study.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">-->
    <!--</bean>-->

    <!--<bean id="accountService" class="com.study.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">-->
        <!--<property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>-->
    <!--</bean>-->
</beans>

测试类

public class UserDemo {

    @Test
    public void save(){
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
        app.close();
    }
}

service接口

public interface UserService {

    void save();

}

service实现类


@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    /*@Autowired
    @Qualifier("userDaoImpl")*/
    /*@Resource(name = "userDaoImpl")*/
    /*private UserDao userDao;*/
    @Resource
    private UserDao userDaoImpl;

/*    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }*/

    public void save() {
        /*userDao.save();*/
        userDaoImpl.save();
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init(){
        System.out.println("UserServiceImpl初始化");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void destroy(){
        System.out.println("UserServiceImpl销毁");
    }
}

dao接口

public interface UserDao {

    void save();

}

dao实现类

@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

    public void save() {
        System.out.println("执行了UserDaoImpl的save方法");
    }
}

@Repository
public class PeopleDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    @Override
    public void save() {

    }
}

2.使用Spring注解整合DbUtils

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.study"/>

    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="queryRunner" class="org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner">
        <constructor-arg name="ds" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

测试类

public class TestDemo {


    @Test
    public void save() {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        AccountService accountService = app.getBean(AccountService.class);
        Account account = new Account();
        account.setName("jiujiu");
        account.setMoney(1000.00);
        accountService.save(account);
    }

    @Test
    public void update() {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        AccountService accountService = app.getBean(AccountService.class);
        Account account = new Account();
        account.setId(4);
        account.setName("lili");
        account.setMoney(2000.00);
        accountService.update(account);
    }

    @Test
    public void delete() {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        AccountService accountService = app.getBean(AccountService.class);
        accountService.delete(4);
    }

    @Test
    public void findById() {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        AccountService accountService = app.getBean(AccountService.class);
        System.out.println(accountService.findById(4));
    }

    @Test
    public void findAll() {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        AccountService accountService = app.getBean(AccountService.class);
        System.out.println(accountService.findAll());
    }
}

service接口

public interface AccountService {
    public void save(Account account);

    public void delete(Integer id);

    public void update(Account account);

    public Account findById(Integer id);

    public List<Account> findAll();
}

service实现类

@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {

    @Autowired
    private AccountDao accountDao;

    @Override
    public void save(Account account) {
//        AccountDao accountDao = new AccountDaoImpl();
        accountDao.save(account);
    }

    @Override
    public void delete(Integer id) {
//        AccountDao accountDao = new AccountDaoImpl();
        accountDao.delete(id);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Account account) {
//        AccountDao accountDao = new AccountDaoImpl();
        accountDao.update(account);
    }

    @Override
    public Account findById(Integer id) {
//        AccountDao accountDao = new AccountDaoImpl();
        return accountDao.findById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Account> findAll() {
//        AccountDao accountDao = new AccountDaoImpl();
        return accountDao.findAll();
    }
}

dao接口

public interface AccountDao {

    public void save(Account account);

    public void delete(Integer id);

    public void update(Account account);

    public Account findById(Integer id);

    public List<Account> findAll();
}

dao实现类

@Repository
public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {

    @Autowired
    private QueryRunner queryRunner;


    @Override
    public void save(Account account) {
        try {
//            QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
            String sql = "insert into account (name,money) values (?,?)";
            queryRunner.update(sql,account.getName(),account.getMoney());
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void delete(Integer id) {
        try {
//            QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
            String sql = "delete from account where id = ?";
            queryRunner.update(sql,id);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Account account) {
        try {
//            QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
            String sql = "update account set name = ? , money = ? where id = ?";
            queryRunner.update(sql,account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Account findById(Integer id) {
        Account account = null;
        try {
//            QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
            String sql = "select * from account where id = ?";
            account = queryRunner.query(sql, new BeanHandler<>(Account.class), id);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return account;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Account> findAll() {

        List<Account> accounts = null;
        try {
//            QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
            String sql = "select * from account";
            accounts = queryRunner.query(sql, new BeanListHandler<>(Account.class));
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return accounts;
    }
}

3.使用纯注解整合DbUtils

- @Configuration : 定义当前类是一个配置类相当于一个applicationContext.xml

- @Bean 用来给第三方类创建对象的 QueryRunner DataSource

- @PropertySource 引入第三方的配置文件 <context:property-placeholder//>

- @ComponentScan 相当于 <context:component-scan/>

- @Import 相当于 <import resource="applicationContext-dao.xml"/>

- @Value 从第三方配置文件中取值

配置类

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.study")
@Import({DataSourceConfig.class,QueryRunnerConfig.class})
public class SpringConfig {

}




@Configuration
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties")
public class DataSourceConfig {

    @Value("${jdbc.driver}")
    private String driverClassName;
    @Value("${jdbc.url}")
    private String url;
    @Value("${jdbc.username}")
    private String username;
    @Value("${jdbc.password}")
    private String password;


    @Bean
    public DataSource createDataSource(){
        DruidDataSource ds = new DruidDataSource();
        ds.setDriverClassName(driverClassName);
        ds.setUrl(url);
        ds.setUsername(username);
        ds.setPassword(password);
        return ds;
    }
}





@Configuration
public class QueryRunnerConfig {

    @Bean
    public QueryRunner createQueryRunner(@Autowired DataSource ds){
        QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner(ds);
        return queryRunner;
    }
}

测试类

public class TestDemo {

    @Test
    public void findAll() {
//        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
        AccountService accountService = app.getBean(AccountService.class);
        System.out.println(accountService.findAll());
    }
}

其余类不需要动

4.spring整合junit

Junit是一个单元测试工具，点击run的执行测试方法时，其实底层是通过runner（运行器）来工作的，默认的Junit是不会自动加载spring环境。

如果想在Junit中直接获取spring的容器，我们需要导入spring提供的测试整合包，切换为spring的运行器，就可以直接获取IOC容器中的对象了。

测试类

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)//设置启动类为spring提供的启动类
//@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")//设置配置文件
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfig.class)//设置配置类
public class TestDemo {

    @Autowired
    AccountService accountService;

    @Test
    public void findAll() {
//        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
//        AccountService accountService = app.getBean(AccountService.class);
        System.out.println(accountService.findAll());
    }
}

其余类不改变