Hibernate与spring的整合与基本使用
1.创建一个maven项目Hibernate01,然后导入下面的依赖:
<dependencies>
<!--Spring Ioc相关依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>5.3.18</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.3.18</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>5.3.18</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>5.3.18</version>
</dependency>
<!--Spring Aop的相关依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.9.8.RC2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>5.3.18</version>
</dependency>
<!--Spring jdbc的相关依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.3.18</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>5.3.18</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring orm的相关依赖-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-orm -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>5.3.18</version>
</dependency>
<!--单元测试用的依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.3.18</version>
</dependency>
<!--日志依赖-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-logging/commons-logging -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--Hibernate的核心依赖,9个必须要导入-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/antlr/antlr -->
<dependency>
<groupId>antlr</groupId>
<artifactId>antlr</artifactId>
<version>2.7.7</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.dom4j/dom4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.dom4j</groupId>
<artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
<version>2.1.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.geronimo.specs/geronimo-jta_1.1_spec -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.geronimo.specs</groupId>
<artifactId>geronimo-jta_1.1_spec</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate.common/hibernate-commons-annotations -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.common</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-commons-annotations</artifactId>
<version>5.1.2.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate/hibernate-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>5.6.5.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate.javax.persistence/hibernate-jpa-2.1-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.1-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.jboss/jandex -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jboss</groupId>
<artifactId>jandex</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.javassist/javassist -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
<artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
<version>3.28.0-GA</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.jboss.logging/jboss-logging -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jboss.logging</groupId>
<artifactId>jboss-logging</artifactId>
<version>3.4.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!--mysql数据驱动-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.25</version>
</dependency>
<!--连接池相关的依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate/hibernate-c3p0 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
<version>5.6.7.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>mchange-commons-java</artifactId>
<version>0.2.19</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
在resources目录下创建一个applicationContext.xml的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
https://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
</beans>
2.然后在resources中创建一个jdbc.properties的jdbc配置文件:
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate01
jdbc.driver.class=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=zc20020106
3.然后配置applicationContext.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
https://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!--配置读取properties文件的工具类-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<!--配置c3p0数据库连接池-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver.class}"/>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!--配置Hibernate的SessionFactory-->
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!--hibernateProperties属性配置与Hibernate相关的内容-->
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<!--显示当前执行的sql语句-->
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<!--开启正向工程,根据实体创建表的字段-->
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
</props>
</property>
<!--扫描实体所在的包-->
<property name="packagesToScan">
<list>
<value>com.haiexijun.pojo</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!--配置Hibernate的事务管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<!--开启注解事务处理-->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
<!--配置springIOC的注解扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.haiexijun"/>
</beans>
通过hibernate进行CRUD的操作
1.创建数据库
创建数据库就好了,不用创建表,后面Hibernate会根据编写的实体类来自动生成数据表
2.编写实体类Users
package com.haiexijun.pojo;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Entity
@Table(name = "t_users")
public class Users implements Serializable {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)//自增
@Column(name = "userid")
private Integer userId;
@Column(name = "username")
private String userName;
@Column(name = "userage")
private Integer userAge;
public Integer getUserId() {
return userId;
}
public void setUserId(Integer userId) {
this.userId = userId;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public Integer getUserAge() {
return userAge;
}
public void setUserAge(Integer userAge) {
this.userAge = userAge;
}
}
3.编写userDao接口与接口实现类
package com.haiexijun.dao;
import com.haiexijun.pojo.Users;
public interface userDao {
void insertUsers(Users users);
void updateUsers(Users users);
void deleteUsers(Users users);
Users selectUsersById(Integer userid);
}
修改配置文件,添加HibernateTemplate对象:
<!--配置HibernateTemplate对象-->
<bean id="HibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTemplate">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
编写userDao的实现类
package com.haiexijun.dao.impl;
import com.haiexijun.dao.userDao;
import com.haiexijun.pojo.Users;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class userDaoImpl implements userDao {
@Autowired
private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;
@Override
public void insertUsers(Users users) {
hibernateTemplate.save(users);
}
@Override
public void updateUsers(Users users) {
hibernateTemplate.update(users);
}
@Override
public void deleteUsers(Users users) {
hibernateTemplate.delete(users);
}
@Override
public Users selectUsersById(Integer userid) {
return hibernateTemplate.get(Users.class,userid);
}
}
4.编写测试类
package com.haiexijun.dao.impl;
import com.haiexijun.dao.userDao;
import com.haiexijun.pojo.Users;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class userDaoImpl implements userDao {
@Autowired
private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;
@Override
public void insertUsers(Users users) {
hibernateTemplate.save(users);
}
@Override
public void updateUsers(Users users) {
hibernateTemplate.update(users);
}
@Override
public void deleteUsers(Users users) {
hibernateTemplate.delete(users);
}
@Override
public Users selectUsersById(Integer userid) {
return hibernateTemplate.get(Users.class,userid);
}
}
5.HQL查询
Hibernate语言查询( Hibernate Query Language,HQL) :它是完全面向对象的查询语句,查询功能非常强大,具备继承、多态和关联等特性 。Hibernate官方推荐使用HQL进行查询。Hibernate查询语言(HQL)是面向对象的查询语言,其结构与SQL查询相似,不同的是,HQL查询的主体是持久化类而不是数据表。HQL提供了一种应用和数据库之间的抽象,提高了可移植性。HQL子句本身大小写无关,但是其中出现的类名和属性名必须注意大小写。
HQL的语法就是将原来sql语句中的表与字段名换成对象与属性的名称就可以了。
dao方法:
@Override
public List<Users> selectUserByAge(Integer age){
// getCurrentSession方法返回的session,必须要有事务边界,名且只能处理唯一的一个事务。当前事务提交或者回滚后session自动失效
// openSession方法:每次都会打开一个新的session,加入每次使用多次,则获得的是不同的session对象。使用完毕后我们要手动调用close方法关闭session
Session session = hibernateTemplate.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();
Query query=session.createQuery("from Users where userAge= :abc");
Query queryTemp=query.setInteger("abc",age);
return queryTemp.list();
}
测试代码
@Test
@Transactional
public void testSelectUserByAge(){
List<Users> usersList= userDao.selectUserByAge(20);
System.out.println(usersList);
}
6.SQL查询
dao的方法
@Override
public List<Users> selectUserByAgeUseSQL(Integer age){
Session session=hibernateTemplate.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();
Query query=session.createSQLQuery("select * from t_users where userage =?").addEntity(Users.class).setInteger(0,age);
return query.list();
}
测试代码
@Test
@Transactional
public void testSelectByAgeUseSQL(){
List<Users> usersList=userDao.selectUserByAge(20);
System.out.println(usersList);
}
7.QBC查询
QBC是query by criteria的缩写。可以通过这个语法,彻底放弃掉sql语句。
dao代码:
@Override
public List<Users> selectUserByAgeUseQBC(Integer age){
Session session=hibernateTemplate.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();
Criteria c=session.createCriteria(Users.class);
c.add(Restrictions.eq("userAge",age));
return c.list();
}
测试代码:
@Test
@Transactional
public void testSelectUserByAgeUseQBC(){
List<Users> usersList=userDao.selectUserByAgeUseQBC(20);
System.out.println(usersList);
}
项目源代码GitHub地址:https://github.com/haiexijun/Hibernate01