java多线程-1（synchronized 与Lock）

1、synchronized 关键字

1. 保证线程安全

public class Demo {
...
class Ticket{
    private int number;
    public Ticket(int number) { this.number = number;}
    public synchronized void sell(){
        while (number>0){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"卖出了第"+number--+"张票"
            +"剩余"+number); 
        }}}

2. 生产者消费者问题

   public class Demo{
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           Data data = new Data(1);
           // a线程打印奇数
           new Thread(()->{ while (data.getA()<100) { data.printSingular(); } },"a").start();
           // b线程打印偶数
           new Thread(()->{ while (data.getA()<100) { data.printEvenNumbers(); } },"b").start();
   }}
   class Data{
       private int a;
       public Data(int a) {
           this.a = a;
       }
       public int getA() {
           return a;
       }
       synchronized  void  printSingular(){
           try {
               while (a%2 == 0){
                   wait();
               }
           } catch (InterruptedException e) {
               e.printStackTrace();
           }
           System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"->"+a);
           a++;
           notifyAll(); 
       }
       synchronized void printEvenNumbers(){
           try {
               while (a%2 != 0){
                   wait();
               }
           } catch (InterruptedException e) {
               e.printStackTrace();
           }
           System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"->"+a);
           a++;
           notifyAll();
       }}
   

2、Lock接口

保证线程安全

class Ticket{
    private int number;
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    public Ticket2(int number) {
        this.number = number;
    }
    public  void sell(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while (number>0){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"卖出了第"+number--+"张票"
                        +"剩余"+number);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

生产者消费者问题

//两条线程分别+1，-1
public class Demo{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Data3 data3 = new Data3();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                data3.one();
            }
        }, "a").start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                data3.two();
            }
        }, "b").start();
    }}
class Data3 {
    private int a = 0;
    private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private final Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
    void one() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            if (a != 0) {
                condition.await();
            }
            a++;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + a);
            condition.signal();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }}
    void two() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            if (a == 0) {
                condition.await();
            }
            a--;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + a);
            condition.signal();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

Lock 线程通信

/*
 * @return: a线程打印1，b线程打印a,c线程打印A*/
public class Demo4{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadPrint threadPrint = new ThreadPrint();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
                threadPrint.a();
            }
        }, "线程1").start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
                threadPrint.b();
            }
        }, "线程2").start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
                threadPrint.c();
            }
        }, "线程3").start();}}
class ThreadPrint {
    private int a = 1;
    private int b = 97;
    private int c = 65;
    private int flag = 1;
    private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private final Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
    private final Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
    private final Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition();
    void a() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while (flag != 1) {
                condition1.await();}
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->" + a);
            a++;
            flag = 2;
            condition2.signal();
        } catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {lock.unlock();}}
    void b() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while (flag != 2) {
                condition2.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->" + (char) b);
            b++;
            flag = 3;
            condition3.signal();
        } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace();} finally {lock.unlock();}}
    void c() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while (flag != 3) {
                condition3.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->" + (char) c);
            c++;
            flag = 1;
            condition1.signal();
        } catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();
          } finally 
        {lock.unlock();
        }}}