《Rust权威指南》第8章_通用集合类型_草稿

• 使用动态数组存储多个值
  • 创建动态数组
  • 更新动态数组
  • 销毁动态数组时也会销毁其中元素
  • 读取动态数组中的元素
  • 遍历动态数组中的值
  • 使用枚举来存储多个类型的值
• 使用字符串存储UTF-8编码的文本
  • 字符串是什么
  • 创建一个新的字符串
  • 更新字符串
    • 使用+运算符或format!宏来拼接字符串
  • 字符串索引
    • 内部布局
    • 字节、标量值及字形簇！天呐！
  • 字符串切片
  • 遍历字符串的方法
  • 字符串的确没那么简单
• 在哈希映射中存储键值对
  • 创建一个新的哈希映射
  • 哈希映射与所有权
  • 访问哈希映射中的值
  • 更新哈希映射
    • 更新旧值
    • 只在键没有对应值时插入数据
    • 基于旧值来更新值
  • 哈希函数
• 总结

use std::borrow::Borrow;

fn main() {
    //动态数组
    let v: Vec<i32> = Vec::new();
    let v = vec![1,2,3];
    let mut v = Vec::new();
    v.push(5);
    v.push(6);
    v.push(7);
    v.push(8);
    let v = vec![1,2,3,4,5];
    let third: &i32 = &v[2];
    println!("The third element is {}", third);
    match v.get(2) {
        Some(third) => println!("The third element is {}", third),
        None => println!("There is no third element."),
    }
    let mut v = vec![1,2,3,4,5];
    //let does_not_exit = &v[100];
    let does_not_exit = v.get(100);
    let first = &v[0];
    //v.push(6);
    println!("The first element is: {}", first);
    let mut v = vec![100,32,57];
    for i in &v {
        println!("{}", i);
    }
    for i in &mut v {
        *i += 50;
    }

    //枚举
    enum SpreadsheetCell {
        Int(i32),
        Float(f64),
        Text(String),
    }
    let row = vec![
        SpreadsheetCell::Int(3),
        SpreadsheetCell::Text(String::from("blue")),
        SpreadsheetCell::Float(10.12),
    ];

    //字符串
    let mut s = String::new();
    let data = "initial contents";
    let s = data.to_string();
    let s = "initial contents".to_string();
    let s = String::from("initial contents");
    let hello = String::from("你好");
    let mut s = String::from("foo");
    s.push_str("bar");
    let mut s1=String::from("foo");
    let s2 = "bar";
    s1.push_str(s2);
    println!("s2 is {}", s2);
    let mut s = String::from("lo");
    s.push('l');
    let s1 = String::from("Hello,");
    let s2 = String::from("world!");
    let s3 = s1 + &s2;//注意这里的s1已经被移动且再也不能被使用了
    let s1 = String::from("tic");
    let s2 = String::from("tac");
    let s3 = String::from("toe");
    let s = s1+ "-" + &s2 + "-" + &s3;
    let s1 = String::from("tic");
    let s2 = String::from("tac");
    let s3 = String::from("toe");
    let s = format!("{}-{}-{}", s1, s2, s3);
    let s1 = String::from("hello");
    //let h = s1[0];

    //哈希映射
    use::std::collections::HashMap;
    let mut scores = HashMap::new();
    scores.insert(String::from("Blue"), 10);
    scores.insert(String::from("Yellow"), 50);
    let teams = vec![String::from("Blue"), String::from("Yellow")];
    let initial_scores = vec![10, 50];
    let scores: HashMap<_, _> =
        teams.iter().zip(initial_scores.iter()).collect();
    let field_name = String::from("Favorite color");
    let field_value = String::from("Blue");
    let mut map = HashMap::new();
    map.insert(field_name,field_value);
    let mut scores = HashMap::new();
    scores.insert(String::from("Blue"), 10);
    scores.insert(String::from("Yellow"), 50);
    let team_name = String::from("Blue");
    let score = scores.get(&team_name);
    let mut scores = HashMap::new();
    scores.insert(String::from("Blue"), 10);
    scores.insert(String::from("Yellow"), 50);
    for (key, value) in &scores {
        println!("{}: {}", key, value);
    }
    let mut scores = HashMap::new();
    scores.insert(String::from("Blue"), 10);
    scores.insert(String::from("Blue"), 25);
    println!("{:?}", scores);
    let mut scores = HashMap::new();
    scores.insert(String::from("Blue"), 10);
    scores.entry(String::from("Yellow")).or_insert(50);
    scores.entry(String::from("Blue")).or_insert(50);
    println!("{:?}", scores);
    let text = "hello world wonderful world";
    let mut map = HashMap::new();
    for word in text.split_whitespace() {
        let count = map.entry(word).or_insert(0);
        *count += 1;
    }
    println!("{:?}", map);
}