docker常用命令

docker常用命令

dockers version	#版本
docker info	#详细信息
docker 命令 --help	#万能命令

docker images #查看本地的主机镜像

[root@VM-0-14-centos docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   5 months ago   13.3kB
#	解释
REPOSITOR   镜像的仓库源
TAG					镜像的标签
IMAGE ID  		镜像的ID
CREATED		镜像的创建时间
SIZE				镜像的大小

Options:
  -a, --all             Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
      --digests         Show digests
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only show image IDs

docker seach 搜索镜像

[root@VM-0-14-centos docker]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11269     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4278      [OK]  

docker pull 下载镜像

#	下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@VM-0-14-centos docker]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest 		# 如果不写下载最新的
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
33847f680f63: Pull complete  	# 分层下载:docker images的核心 联合文件系统
5cb67864e624: Pull complete 
1a2b594783f5: Pull complete 
b30e406dd925: Pull complete 
48901e306e4c: Pull complete 
603d2b7147fd: Pull complete 
802aa684c1c4: Pull complete 
715d3c143a06: Pull complete 
6978e1b7a511: Pull complete 
f0d78b0ac1be: Pull complete 
35a94d251ed1: Pull complete 
36f75719b1a9: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:8b928a5117cf5c2238c7a09cd28c2e801ac98f91c3f8203a8938ae51f14700fd	# 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest	#真实地址
#	等价
docker pull mysql
 docker.io/library/mysql:latest

docker rmi 删除镜像

docker rmi -f 容器id #删除指定的容器
docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id 容器id #删除多个容器
docker rmi -f $(docker images -ap) #删除全部容器

容器的命令

说明：我们又了镜像才可以创建容器，linux,下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name= "Name"		容器名字 nginx01 nginx02 ,用来区分容器
-d		 						后台方式运行
-it								使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p								指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
	-p 主机端口：容器端口（常用）
	-p 容器端口

# 测试，启动并进入容器
[root@VM-0-14-centos ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@f431ab883615 /]#  
[root@f431ab883615 /]# ls	
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
# 从容器中退出
[root@f431ab883615 /]# exit
exit
[root@VM-0-14-centos ~]# 

列出所有运行的容器

# docker ps 命令
	# l列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
-n=? #显示最近的创建容器
[root@VM-0-14-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@VM-0-14-centos ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS     NAMES
f431ab883615   centos        "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago       Exited (0) 2 minutes ago                 nostalgic_hopper
0093761a02c4   hello-world   "/hello"      About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago             busy_blackwell
55567708dae8   hello-world   "/hello"      About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago             boring_mestorf
[root@VM-0-14-centos ~]# 

退出容器

exit		# 容器退出并终止运行
CtrL + P + Q # 容器不停止退出

删除容器

docker rm 容器id							# 删除指定容器id
docker rm -f  $(docker ps -ap) 	#删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm  #删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id
docker restart 容器id
docker stop 容器id
docker kill 容器id

常用其它命令

后台启动容器

#命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@VM-0-14-centos ~]# docker run -d centos
# 问题docker ps ,发现centos停止了

#常见的坑：docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
#nginx,容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器
#显示日志
--tf 					#显示日志
--tail number 	#显示日志条数
docker logs -tf --tail 10 容器id 	#10是查看条数，可以不写显示全部

查看容器中的进程信息ps

# 命令 dockers top 容器id
[root@VM-0-14-centos ~]# docker top 4ce48acf59ce
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                2650                2631                0                   19:48               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

查看镜像的元数据

[root@VM-0-14-centos ~]# docker inspect 4ce48acf59ce
[
    {
        "Id": "4ce48acf59cef4707d71beed01869779dd1ccece21fd83d0a12bbeb30c36dd8e",
        "Created": "2021-08-15T11:48:35.473894618Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 2650,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-08-15T11:48:35.816904181Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4ce48acf59cef4707d71beed01869779dd1ccece21fd83d0a12bbeb30c36dd8e/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4ce48acf59cef4707d71beed01869779dd1ccece21fd83d0a12bbeb30c36dd8e/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4ce48acf59cef4707d71beed01869779dd1ccece21fd83d0a12bbeb30c36dd8e/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4ce48acf59cef4707d71beed01869779dd1ccece21fd83d0a12bbeb30c36dd8e/4ce48acf59cef4707d71beed01869779dd1ccece21fd83d0a12bbeb30c36dd8e-json.log",
        "Name": "/funny_wing",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/35e82c8ce903b8bb41bb9932933320387e16722a5037bc57ccd026cd5790dc9f-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0c95082c237690158b162e29b87d8a63a2ae9b4c139e89ce6332876b9d652fd4/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/35e82c8ce903b8bb41bb9932933320387e16722a5037bc57ccd026cd5790dc9f/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/35e82c8ce903b8bb41bb9932933320387e16722a5037bc57ccd026cd5790dc9f/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/35e82c8ce903b8bb41bb9932933320387e16722a5037bc57ccd026cd5790dc9f/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "4ce48acf59ce",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "58844ea562dadf40dee15c3832be240c15425b68eea17efc40ffdaf66e7b2642",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/58844ea562da",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "d04a9f447fd1bf1e3fb642992125a061f2ac1424918ffabd5c678149d2d0e825",
            "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "16357bb8c8d0f7553e1050da3dda6188c14c827ebd0c8006672e101ce6de02bf",
                    "EndpointID": "d04a9f447fd1bf1e3fb642992125a061f2ac1424918ffabd5c678149d2d0e825",
                    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置

# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell

[root@VM-0-14-centos ~]# docker exec -it 4ce48acf59ce /bin/bash
[root@4ce48acf59ce /]# ps
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
   37 pts/1    00:00:00 bash
   51 pts/1    00:00:00 ps

# 方式er
docker attach 容器id
正在执行的的代码...

#docker exec 	# 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作
#docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程！

从容器内拷贝文件到主机

# 从容器内部拷贝文件到主机 docker cp 容器id:/
容器文件路径 /主机文件路径 
[root@VM-0-14-centos ~]# docker cp 58778b7576e5:/home/index.php /home
[root@VM-0-14-centos ~]# cd /home
[root@VM-0-14-centos home]# ls
index.php  redis  www

# 这时一个手动的操作以后可以通过卷的技术自动同步

# 停止服务就删除
docker run -it --rm nginx
# 查看cpu内存
docker stats
docker stats 容器id