注解
内置注解
package Annotation;
public class test extends Object {
//Override 重写的注解
@Override
public String toString() {
return super.toString();
}
//Deprecated:不推荐程序员使用,但是可以使用,存在更好的方式
@Deprecated
public static void test1(){
System.out.println("Deprecated");
}
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public static void test2(){
System.out.println("SuppressWarings");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
test1();
}
}
反射
静态语言与动态语言
静态语言
动态语言
一类再运行中可以改变删除其结构的语言,运行时可以根据某些条件改变自身结构:C# js,Python
静态语言
与动态语言相对应的,结构不可变:c,c++,java
得到class类的几种方法
package ClassTest;
public class test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
Person p1 = new Student();
System.out.println("这个人是"+p1.name);
//通过对象获得
Class c1 = p1.getClass();
System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
//通过forName获得
Class c2 = Class.forName("ClassTest.Student");
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
//类名.class获得
Class c3 = Student.class;
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
//基本内置类型都有的包装类都有一个Type的属性
Class<Integer> type = Integer.TYPE;
System.out.println(type);
//获得父类类型
Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
System.out.println(c5);
}
}
class Person{
String name;
public Person() {
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
class Student extends Person{
public Student() {
this.name = "学生";
}
}
class Teacher extends Person{
public Teacher() {
this.name = "老师";
}
}
所有类型的class
package ClassTest;
//所有类型的class
public class test2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class c1 = Object.class;//类
Class c2 = Comparable.class;//接口
Class c3 = String[].class;//一维数组
Class c4 = int[].class;//一维数组
Class c5 = int[][].class;//二维数组
Class c6 = Override.class;//注解
Class c7 = Integer.class;//包装类
Class c8 = void.class;//void
Class c9 = Class.class;//Class
System.out.println(c1);
System.out.println(c2);
System.out.println(c3);
System.out.println(c4);
System.out.println(c5);
System.out.println(c6);
System.out.println(c7);
System.out.println(c8);
System.out.println(c9);
//只要元素类型和维度一样,他就是同一个class
int []a = new int[10];
int []b = new int[100];
System.out.println(a.getClass().hashCode());
System.out.println(b.getClass().hashCode());
}
}
引用
主动引用以及反射
不会产生引用的方法
- 访问一个静态域的时候,只有真正被声明的类才会被初始化
- 通过数组定义类引用,不会除非此类初始化
- 引用常量不会触发此类的初始化
package ClassTest;
public class Test3 {
static {
System.out.println("Main被加载");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//主动引用
// Son s1 = new Son();
//反射也会产生主动引用
// Class c2 = Class.forName("ClassTest.Son");
//不会产生引用的方法
System.out.println(Son.a);
Son[] array = new Son[5];
System.out.println(Son.m);
}
}
class Father{
static int a = 1;
static {
System.out.println("父类被加载");
int b = 1;
}
}
class Son extends Father{
static {
System.out.println("子类被加载");
}
static int b = 2;
static final int m = 10;
}
类加载器
Bootstap ClassLoader:引导类加载器,用c++写的,jvm自带的,装载核心库,无法直接获取
Extension ClassLoader:扩展类加载器,负责jre目录下的jar包。指定目录下的jar包装入工作库
System ClassLoader:系统类加载器,负责java.lang.Path所指目录下的类与jar包装入工作
package ClassTest;
public class test4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//类加载通过jvm加载的
ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
ClassLoader systemClassLoader1 = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
System.out.println(systemClassLoader);
System.out.println(systemClassLoader1);
}
}
class获取类的成员
package ClassTest.test5;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class<Person> p1 = Person.class;
Field[] fields = p1.getFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
System.out.println(field.getName());
}
}
}
class Person{
public String name;
public int age;
}
反射获取私有属性
package ClassTest.Test6;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class<Person> personClass = Person.class;
//实例化类的对象
Person person = personClass.newInstance();
//获取全类名(包名+类名)
System.out.println(personClass.getName());
//获取简单类名
System.out.println(personClass.getSimpleName());
//给属性赋值
Field name = personClass.getField("name");
name.set(person,"阿鬼大大");
//获取属性的值
Object nameValue = name.get(person);
System.out.println(nameValue);
//调用方法
Method say = personClass.getMethod("say");
//调用方法
say.invoke(person);
System.out.println("-----------------------");
//---------------------反射访问私有成员------------------
//getDeclaredField可以访问公有属性,也能访问私有属性
Field age = personClass.getDeclaredField("age");
System.out.println(age);
//私有属性赋值
age.setAccessible(true);
age.set(person,20);
say.invoke(person);
Method talk = personClass.getDeclaredMethod("talk");
talk.setAccessible(true);
talk.invoke(person);
System.out.println("-----------");
//getDeclaredMethods只能获取本类的方法,getMethod可以获取父类的方法
Method[] declaredMethods = personClass.getDeclaredMethods();
for (Method declaredMethod : declaredMethods) {
System.out.println(declaredMethod.getName());
}
}
}
class Person {
public String name;
private int age;
public void say(){
System.out.println("my name is"+this.name);
System.out.println("my age is"+this.age);
}
private void talk(){
System.out.println("谈话中");
}
}
工厂模式
简单工厂模式
工厂类
class BeanFactory {
public Object CreateInstance(Class clazz) throws Exception {
return clazz.newInstance();
}
}
创建工厂对象
public class FactoryDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
BeanFactory beanFactory = new BeanFactory();
person p1 = (person) beanFactory.CreateInstance(person.class);
System.out.println(p1);
Animal a1 =(Animal) beanFactory.CreateInstance(Animal.class);
System.out.println(a1);
}
}