C++多态案例一.计算机器类（普通写法和多态技术两种写法的对比）

案例描述：

分别利用普通写法和多态技术，实现两个操作数进行运算的计数器类

多态优点：

• 代码组织结构清晰
• 可读性强
• 利于前期和后期的扩展以及维护

总结：C++开发提倡利用多态设计程序架构，因为多态优点很多

例：

#include <iostream>
#include <string> 
using namespace std;
//普通实现
class Calculator
{
public:	
	int getResult(string oper)
	{
		if(oper == "+")
		{
			return m_Num1 + m_Num2;
		}
		else if(oper == "-")
		{
			return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
		}
			else if(oper == "*")
		{
			return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
		}
		//如果想扩展新的功能，就需要修改源码
		//在真实的开发中 提倡 开闭原则
		//开闭原则： 对扩展进行开放，对修改进行关闭
		 
	}
	
	int m_Num1;
	int m_Num2;
};

void test01()
{
	Calculator c;
	c.m_Num1 = 10;
	c.m_Num2 = 10;
	cout << c.m_Num1 << " + " << c.m_Num2 << " = " << c.getResult("+") << endl;
	cout << c.m_Num1 << " - " << c.m_Num2 << " = " << c.getResult("-") << endl;
	cout << c.m_Num1 << " * " << c.m_Num2 << " = " << c.getResult("*") << endl;
}

//利用多态实现计数器
//多态好处
//1. 组织结构清晰 
//2. 可读性强
//3. 对于前期和后期 扩展和维护性高
 
//实现计数器的抽象类
class AbstractCalculator 
{
public:
	virtual int getResult()
	{
		return 0;
	}
	int m_Num1;
	int m_Num2;
}; 

//加法计数器类
class AddCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	virtual int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1 + m_Num2;
	}	
};
//减法 
class SubCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	virtual int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
	}	
};
//乘法 
class MulCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	virtual int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
	}	
};

void test02()
{
	//多态使用条件
	//父类指针或者引用指向子类对象
	
	//加法
	AbstractCalculator* abc = new AddCalculator;
	abc->m_Num1 = 10; 
	abc->m_Num2 = 10; 
	cout << abc->m_Num1 << " + " << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->getResult() << endl;
	//用完记得销毁 
	delete abc;
	
	//减法运算
	abc = new SubCalculator;
	abc->m_Num1 = 10; 
	abc->m_Num2 = 10; 
	cout << abc->m_Num1 << " - " << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->getResult() << endl;
	delete abc;
	
	//乘法运算
	abc = new MulCalculator;
	abc->m_Num1 = 10; 
	abc->m_Num2 = 10; 
	cout << abc->m_Num1 << " * " << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->getResult() << endl;
	delete abc;
	
} 
 
int main()
{	
	test01();
	cout << "---多态---" << endl;
	test02(); 
	
	system("pause");
	
	return 0;	
}