Java实现一个简单的图书管理系统

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-15 09:52:02 发布

christen-c

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-15 09:52:02 发布

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文章标签： java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_50922984/article/details/123663016

版权

实现目标

1、简单的登录

2、管理端

查阅书籍
增加书籍
删除书籍
打印书籍列表
退出

3、用户端

查询书籍
借阅书籍
归还书籍
退出

项目展示

实现过程

类的设计

1. 创建图书相关的类

先创建 package book 创建 Book 类, 表示一本书

package book;
import javax.swing.*;


public class Book {
    private String name; //书名
    private String author; //作者
    private int price; //价格
    private String type; // 类型
    private boolean isBorrowed = false; //默认未借出
    //构造方法 
    public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;
    }

    //提供get和set方法
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(int price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public boolean getBorrowed() {
        return isBorrowed;
    }

    public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
        isBorrowed = borrowed;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
                //", isBorrowed=" + isBorrowed +
                (isBorrowed ? " 已借出": " 未借出")+
                '}';
    }

}

创建 BookList 类, 用来保存 N 本书.

package book；

public class BookList {
    private Book[] books = new Book[10];
    private int usedSize;

    //构造方法 初始化书 先放三本书
    public BookList() {
        this.books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",17,"小说");
        this.books[1] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",20,"小说");
        this.books[2] = new Book("水浒传","施耐庵",31,"小说");
        this.usedSize = 3;
    }
    //get和set方法 便于后续得到和设置书的位置、书的数量
    public Book getBook(int pos){
        return this.books[pos];
    }

    public void setBook(int pos,Book book){
        this.books[pos] = book;
    }

    public int getUsedSize() {
        return usedSize;
    }

    public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
        this.usedSize = usedSize;
    }

}

2.创建操作相关的类

先创建 package operation 创建接口

 
package operation;

import book.BookList;

public interface IOperation {
    void work(BookList bookList);
}

接下来创建一组操作类, 每个类对应一个用户的动作.

AddOperation 增加书籍
DelOperation 删除书籍
FindOperation 查找书籍
DisplayOperation 展示书籍
BorrowOperation 借阅书籍
ReturnOperation 归还书籍
ExitOperation 退出系统

先把空类创建好, 不着急实现细节.
抽象出 Operation 的好处: 让操作和操作之间低耦合, 让操作和用户之间低耦合.

3.创建用户相关的类

先创建 package user

创建 User 类, 这是一个抽象类

package user; 
// User 类是一个抽象类, 每个子类需要做两件事情 
// 1. 初始化对应的操作数组  2. 实现 Menu 菜单

abstract public class User {
    protected String name;
    protected IOperation[] iOperations;
    public User(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    // 显示菜单
    abstract public int menu();
    // 根据用户选项执行操作
    public void doIOperation(int choice, BookList bookList){
        this.iOperations[choice].work(bookList);
    }
}

创建管理员类, 是 User 的子类.

package user;

import operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AdminUser extends User{
    public AdminUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.iOperations = new IOperation[]{ //操作数组
                new ExitOperation(),//0.退出系统
                new FindOperation(),//1.查找图书
                new AddOperation(), //2.增加图书
                new DelOperation(), //3.删除图书
                new DisplayOperation()//4.显示图书
        };

    }
    @Override
    public int menu(){
        System.out.println("==========管理员菜单=========");
        System.out.println("hello! "+this.name);
        System.out.println("1.查找图书");
        System.out.println("2.增加图书");
        System.out.println("3.删除图书");
        System.out.println("4.显示图书");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统");
        System.out.println("============================");

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;//根据所选的数字 匹配不同的操作功能
    }

}

创建普通用户类，是User的子类

package user;

import operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class NormalUser extends User{
    public NormalUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.iOperations = new IOperation[]{ //操作数组
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new BorrowedOperation(),
                new ReturnOperation()
        };

    }
    @Override
    public int menu(){
        System.out.println("==========普通用户菜单=========");
        System.out.println("hello! "+this.name);
        System.out.println("1.查找图书");
        System.out.println("2.借阅图书");
        System.out.println("3.归还图书");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统");
        System.out.println("============================");

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;//根据所选的数字 匹配不同的操作功能
    }

}

4.进行整合

创建 Main 类和 main 方法, 搭建整体逻辑

import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.User;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class  Main {
    public static User login(){ //登陆
        System.out.println("请输姓名：");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请选择你的身份：");
        System.out.println("0.管理员    1.普通用户 ");
        int who = scanner.nextInt(); //判断身份
        if (who == 0){
            return new AdminUser(name);//向上转型
        }else {
            return new NormalUser(name);//向上转型
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BookList bookList = new BookList();//准备数据

        User user = login();//登陆用户

        while (true){
            int choice = user.menu();//显示菜单
            user.doIOperation(choice,bookList);
        }


    }
}

5.实现具体的每个 Operation

查找书籍：

import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("查找书籍！");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要查找的书名：");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < size;i++){
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            if (book.getName().equals(name)){
                System.out.println("找到这本书的信息如下：");
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("没有这本书！");
    }


}

增加图书：

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AddOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("新增图书");
        System.out.println("请输入图书的名字：");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入图书的作者：");
        String author = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入图书的类型：");
        String type = scanner.nextLine();//输入String类型不能写在int后面
        System.out.println("请输入图书的价格：");
        int price = scanner.nextInt();
        //注意 使用nextLine读取字符串时 不能在前面读取整数 将其写在最后


        Book book = new Book(name,author,price,type);

        int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < size;i++){
            Book bookCur = bookList.getBook(i);
            if (bookCur.getName().equals(name)){
                System.out.println("已包含这本书！增加失败");
                return;
            }
        }
        bookList.setBook(size,book);
        bookList.setUsedSize(size+1);
        System.out.println("增加成功！");
    }
}

借阅图书：

package operation;


import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class BorrowedOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("借阅图书");
        System.out.println("请输入书名：");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < size;i++){
            Book bookCur = bookList.getBook(i);
            if (bookCur.getName().equals(name)){
                bookCur.setBorrowed(true);
                System.out.println("借阅成功！");
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("没有此书！借阅失败");
    }
}

删除书籍：

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class DelOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("删除书籍");
        System.out.println("请输入图书的名字：");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
        int i = 0;
        int index = 0;
        for (; i < size;i++){
            Book bookCur = bookList.getBook(i);
            if (bookCur.getName().equals(name)){
                index = i;//定位到i下标的书
                break;
            }
        }
        if (i == size){
            System.out.println("没有此书！删除失败");
            return;
        }
        //使用for循环让后一个位置的书前移一位
        for (int j = index; j < size-1 ; j++){
            Book book = bookList.getBook(j+1);//得到j+1位置的书
            bookList.setBook(j,book);//将其设置为j位置
        }
        bookList.setUsedSize(size-1);
        System.out.println("删除成功！");

    }
}

归还书籍

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("归还图书");
        System.out.println("请输入书名：");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < size;i++){
            Book bookCur = bookList.getBook(i);
            if (bookCur.getName().equals(name)){
                bookCur.setBorrowed(false);
                System.out.println("归还成功！");
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("没有此书！归还失败");
    }
}

显示书籍

package operation;

import book.BookList;

public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("显示书籍！");
        int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < size ; i++){
            System.out.println(bookList.getBook(i));
        }
    }
}

退出系统

package operation;

import book.BookList;

public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("退出系统");
        System.exit(0);
    }
}