ORM操作
基本查询:
book = BookInfo.objects.get(btitle='⻄游记') #单⼀查询,如果结果不存在报错
book = BookInfo.objects.all(btitle='⻄游记') #查询多个结果,有多少返回多少,不存在返回None
book = BookInfo.objects.filter(btitle='西游记').count() #查询结果的数量
book = BookInfo.objects.exclude(btitle='⻄游记') #查询结果取反
模糊查询:
contains 是否包含
book = BookInfo.objects.filter(btitle__contains='记') #查询结果包
含‘记’
%记%
startswith,endswith 以指定值开头或结尾
book = BookInfo.objects.filter(btitle__startswith='⻄') #查询以‘⻄’开头的 ⻄%
book = BookInfo.objects.filter(btitle__endswith='记') #查询以‘记’结尾的 %记
空查询:
isnull 是否为空
book = BookInfo.object.filter(bititle__isnull=Flase) #查询bititle不为空
范围查询:
in 在范围内
range 相当于between…and…
book = BookInfo.object.filter(id__in = [1,5,13,24]) #查询id为1或5或13或24
book = BookInfo.object.filter(id__range = [10,20]) #查询范围为10-20的id
⽐较查询:
gt ⼤于
gte ⼤于等于
lt ⼩于
lte ⼩于等于
exclude 不等于
book = BookInfo.object.filter(id__gt =10) #查询id⼤于10的
book = BookInfo.object.exclude(id = 10) #查询id不等于的10的
F对象和Q对象
⽐较两个字段对象之间的关系⽤F对象。(F对象可以进⾏运算)
book = BookInfio.Object.filter(bread__gte=F('bcomment')) #查询阅读量等于评论量的对象
book = BookInfio.Object.filter(bread__gte=F('bcomment') * 2 )
与逻辑运算符连⽤使⽤Q对象。 或( | ) 与( & ) ⾮( ~ )
book = BookInfo.Object.filter(Q(bread__gte=20) | Q(pk__lt=3)) #查询阅读量为20或者id为3的对象
聚合函数
使⽤aggregate()过滤器调⽤聚合函数。聚合函数包括:Avg 平均,Count 数量,Max 最⼤,Min 最⼩,Sum 求和
book = BookInfo.Object.aggregate(Sum('bread')) #求阅读量的和
**排序 **
使⽤order_by对结果进⾏排序
book=BookInfo.object.all().order_by('bread') #按阅读量的升序排列
book=BookInfo.object.all().order_by('-bread') #按阅读量的降序排列
关联查询
⼀对多模型
⼀到多的访问语法:⼀对应的模型类对象.多对应的模型类名⼩写_set
b = BookInfo.object.filter(id = 1) b.heroinfo_set.all() #查询book_id = 1的书⾥的所有英雄
多到⼀的访问语法:多对应的模型类对象.多对应的模型类中的关系类属性名
h = HeroInfo.object.filter(id = 1)
h.hbook #查询英雄id = 1的书是哪本。
⽅向查询除了可以使⽤模型类名_set,还有⼀种是在建⽴模型类的时候使⽤related_name来
指定变量名。
hbook=model.ForeignKey(HeroInfo,on_delete=model.CACADE,null=Ture,related_name='heros')
b.herose.all()
多对多操作
增加
class ManyToManyTest(APIView):
def post(self, request):
# ⽅法⼀:在建⽴manytomany的models⾥添加数据,(⼀条,⼀个对象)
# teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=1).first()
# studentobj = models.Student.objects.filter(id=2).first()
# teacherobj.stu.add(studentobj)
# return Response({
# "status": 200
# })
#⽅法⼆:在未建⽴manytomany的models⾥添加数据,(⼀条,⼀个对象)
teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.all()
studentobj = models.Student.objects.filter(id=2).first()
studentobj.teacher_set.add(*teacherobj)
return Response({
"status": 200
})
删除
class ManyToManyTest(APIView):
def delete(self, request):
# ⽅法⼀:在建⽴manytomany的models⾥删除数据,(⼀条,⼀个对象)
# teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=1).first()
# studentobj = models.Student.objects.filter(id=2).first()
# teacherobj.stu.remove(studentobj)
# return Response({
# "status": 200
# })
#⽅法⼆:在未建⽴manytomany的models⾥删除数据,(多条,可迭代对象)
teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.all()
studentobj = models.Student.objects.filter(id=2).first()
studentobj.teacher_set.remove(*teacherobj)
return Response({
"status": 200
})
修改
class ManyToManyTest4(APIView):
def put(self, request):
# ⽅法⼀:在建⽴manytomany的models⾥修改数据,参数只能是可迭代对象
teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=3).first()
studentobj = models.Student.objects.filter(id=2)
teacherobj.stu.set(studentobj)
return Response({
"status": 200
})
#⽅法⼆:在未建⽴manytomany的models⾥修改数据,参数只能是可迭代对象
# teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.all()
# studentobj = models.Student.objects.filter(id=2).first()
# studentobj.teacher_set.set(*teacherobj)
# return Response({
# "status": 200
# })
查看
class ManyToManyTest5(APIView):
global i
def get(self, request):
# # ⽅法⼀:在建⽴manytomany的models⾥查数据
# # teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.get(id=2)
# # data = teacherobj.stu.all()
# # data_list = []
# # for i in data:
# # data_dic={
# # "student_name":i.name,
# # "teacher_name":teacherobj.name
# # }
# # data_list.append(data_dic)
# # return Response(data_list)
#
#⽅法⼆:在未建⽴manytomany的models⾥查数据
studentobj = models.Student.objects.get(id=2)
data = studentobj.teacher_set.all()
data_list = []
for i in data:
data_dic = {
"student_name": studentobj.name,
"teacher_name": i.name
}
data_list.append(data_dic)
return Response(data_list)