设计模式之状态模式

设计模式

1.状态模式

目的：实现一个自动机

1.所有状态类实现一个State接口，包含了各自状态下可以完成的动作。

2.Context记录当前状态，同时它拥有各个状态类的实例。

3.状态类又有Context对象，这样Context与状态类相关联。

eg:糖果机项目

0:待机

1:投入一元硬币

2:转动把手(或者选择放弃，退回硬币）

3:滑落一颗糖果

4:待机（根据机器内糖果库存情况，是否提示售罄）

状态图：

动作：插入硬币，返回硬币，转动把手，分发糖果

状态：准备好状态，有硬币状态，售出状态，售完状态

状态接口：

public interface State {
	public void insertCoin();
	public void returnCoin();
	public void turnCrank();
	public void dispense();
	public void printstate();
}

状态实现：

public class OnReadyState implements State {
	private CandyMachine mCandyMachine;    //与Context相关联
	public OnReadyState(CandyMachine mCandyMachine)
	{
		this.mCandyMachine=mCandyMachine;
	}
 
	@Override
	public void insertCoin() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out
		.println("you have inserted a coin,next,please turn crank!");
		mCandyMachine.setState(mCandyMachine.mHasCoin);
	}
 
	@Override
	public void returnCoin() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("you haven't inserted a coin yet!");
		
	}
 
	@Override
	public void turnCrank() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("you turned,but you haven't inserted a coin!");
		
	}
 
	@Override
	public void dispense() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
 
	}
 
	@Override
	public void printstate() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("***OnReadyState***");
		
	}
 
}
public class HasCoin implements State {
	private CandyMachine mCandyMachine;
 
	public HasCoin(CandyMachine mCandyMachine) {
		this.mCandyMachine = mCandyMachine;
	}
 
	@Override
	public void insertCoin() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("you can't insert another coin!");
 
	}
 
	@Override
	public void returnCoin() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("coin return!");
		mCandyMachine.setState(mCandyMachine.mOnReadyState);
	}
 
	@Override
	public void turnCrank() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("crank turn...!");
		Random ranwinner=new Random();
		int winner=ranwinner.nextInt(10);
		if(winner==0)
		{
			mCandyMachine.setState(mCandyMachine.mWinnerState);
 
		}else
		{
			mCandyMachine.setState(mCandyMachine.mSoldState);
 
		}
		
	}
 
	@Override
	public void dispense() {
	}
 
	@Override
	public void printstate() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("***HasCoin***");
 
	}
 
}
public class SoldState implements State {
	private CandyMachine mCandyMachine;
	public SoldState(CandyMachine mCandyMachine)
	{
		this.mCandyMachine=mCandyMachine;
	}
 
	@Override
	public void insertCoin() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("please wait!we are giving you a candy!");
 
	}
 
	@Override
	public void returnCoin() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("you haven't inserted a coin yet!");
		
	}
 
	@Override
	public void turnCrank() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out
		.println("we are giving you a candy,turning another get nothing,!");
 
	}
 
	@Override
	public void dispense() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
		mCandyMachine.releaseCandy();
		if (mCandyMachine.getCount() > 0) {
			mCandyMachine.setState(mCandyMachine.mOnReadyState);
		} else {
			System.out.println("Oo,out of candies");
			mCandyMachine.setState(mCandyMachine.mSoldOutState);
		}
 
	
	
	}
 
	@Override
	public void printstate() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("***SoldState***");
		
	}
 
}
public class SoldOutState implements State {
 
	private CandyMachine mCandyMachine;
	public SoldOutState(CandyMachine mCandyMachine)
	{
		this.mCandyMachine=mCandyMachine;
	}
 
	@Override
	public void insertCoin() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("you can't insert coin,the machine sold out!");
		
	}
 
	@Override
	public void returnCoin() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out
		.println("you can't return,you haven't inserted a coin yet!");
 
	}
 
	@Override
	public void turnCrank() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("you turned,but there are no candies!");
		
	}
 
	@Override
	public void dispense() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
 
	}
 
	@Override
	public void printstate() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("***SoldOutState***");
	
	}
 
}
public class WinnerState implements State {
 
	private CandyMachine mCandyMachine;
 
	public WinnerState(CandyMachine mCandyMachine) {
		this.mCandyMachine = mCandyMachine;
	}
 
	@Override
	public void insertCoin() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("please wait!we are giving you a candy!");
 
	}
 
	@Override
	public void returnCoin() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("you haven't inserted a coin yet!");
 
	}
 
	@Override
	public void turnCrank() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out
				.println("we are giving you a candy,turning another get nothing,!");
 
	}
 
	@Override
	public void dispense() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
 
		
		mCandyMachine.releaseCandy();
		if (mCandyMachine.getCount() == 0) {
			mCandyMachine.setState(mCandyMachine.mSoldOutState);
		} else {
			System.out.println("you are a winner!you get another candy!");
			mCandyMachine.releaseCandy();
			if (mCandyMachine.getCount() > 0) {
				mCandyMachine.setState(mCandyMachine.mOnReadyState);
			} else {
				System.out.println("Oo,out of candies");
				mCandyMachine.setState(mCandyMachine.mSoldOutState);
			}
		}
 
	}
 
	@Override
	public void printstate() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("***WinnerState***");
 
	}
 
}

Context类：

public class CandyMachine {
 
	State mSoldOutState;
	State mOnReadyState;
	State mHasCoin;
	State mSoldState;
	State mWinnerState;
	private State state;   //当前状态
	private int count = 0;
 
	public CandyMachine(int count) {
		this.count = count;
		mSoldOutState = new SoldOutState(this);      //关联各个状态
		mOnReadyState = new OnReadyState(this);
		mHasCoin = new HasCoin(this);
		mSoldState = new SoldState(this);
		mWinnerState = new WinnerState(this);
		if (count > 0) {
			state = mOnReadyState;
		} else {
			state = mSoldOutState;
		}
	}
 
	public void setState(State state) {
		this.state = state;
	}
 
	public void insertCoin() {
		state.insertCoin();
	}
 
	public void returnCoin() {
		state.returnCoin();
	}
 
	public void turnCrank() {
		state.turnCrank();
		state.dispense();
	}
 
	void releaseCandy() {
 
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if (count > 0) {
			count = count - 1;
			System.out.println("a candy rolling out!");
		}
 
	}
 
	public int getCount() {
		return count;
	}
 
	public void printstate() {
		state.printstate();
	}
}

​ 随当前动作，state对象不停的切换，意味着状态的改变，客户并不会直接和State对象交互，而是抽出了共有的行为，将动作交给具体的状态类去执行，实现解耦，利于状态的扩展。