调试器GDB的使用

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-16 21:30:19 发布

RayTz

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-16 21:30:19 发布

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分类专栏： linux 文章标签： c语言 c++ 算法

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51310062/article/details/137580913

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1.GDB使用实例

#include <stdio.h>

int add(int n,int m)
{
	int a;
	a = n + m;
	return a;
}

int sub(int n,int m)
{
	int b;
	b = n - m;
	return b;
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
	int sum,diff;
	sum  = add(3,2);
	printf("n + m = %d\n",sum);
	diff = sub(3,2);
	printf("n - m = %d\n",diff);
	return 0;
}

将此程序用GCC编译时要加上 “-g” 选项，“ -g " 选项告诉gcc编译器生成包含调试信息的可执行文件。

1.1 进入GDB

gdb 可执行文件

linux@ubuntu:~$ gdb a.out 
GNU gdb (Ubuntu 8.1.1-0ubuntu1) 8.1.1
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from a.out...done.
(gdb)

1.2 查看文件

list 或者 l

(gdb) list
5		int a;
6		a = n + m;
7		return a;
8	}
9	
10	int sub(int n,int m)
11	{
12		int b;
13		b = n - m;
14		return b;
(gdb)

1.3 设置断点

设置断点可以使程序执行到某个位置停止，在该位置处可以方便的查看变量的值，堆、栈等情况

注意在设置断点是指代码运行到对应行之前暂停。

可以设置多个断点

b 行号

(gdb) b 5
Breakpoint 1 at 0x654: file 2.c, line 5.

1.4 查看断点处的情况

info b

(gdb) info b
Num     Type           Disp Enb Address            What
1       breakpoint     keep y   0x0000000000000654 in add at 2.c:5
2       breakpoint     keep y   0x0000000000000654 in add at 2.c:6

1.5 运行代码

run

程序运行到断点处就停止了。

(gdb) run
Starting program: /home/linux/a.out 

Breakpoint 1, add (n=3, m=2) at 2.c:6
6		a = n + m;

1.6 查看变量名

在程序停止运行后，就可以查看断点处的相关变量值。

p 变量名

(gdb) p n
$1 = 3
(gdb) p m
$2 = 2

1.7 单步运行

(gdb) n
7		return a;
(gdb) n
8	}
(gdb) n
main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffdf68) at 2.c:20
20		printf("n + m = %d\n",sum);

1.8 程序继续运行

(gdb) c
Continuing.
n + m = 5
n - m = 1
[Inferior 1 (process 5424) exited normally]

1.9 删除断点

delete 编号

(gdb) delete 1

2.0 退出GDB

(gdb) q