7.正则抓取页面内容

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-31 17:02:49 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-01-31 17:02:49 发布

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分类专栏：通讯协议学习

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51353029/article/details/119246498

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请求方法：

因为自己在这一块是有基础得，所以下面简单讲解一下请求方法：

GET请求：

GET方法：
　　　用于使用给定的URI从给定服务器中检索信息，即从指定资源中请求数据。使用GET方法的请求应该只是检索数据，并且不应对数据产生其他影响。
　　单纯跳转页面得请求：xazlsrc.com/index.php xazlsrc.com/login.php，即直接在url后面加上要访问得页面名称即可
　　传值得请求：例如某登录界面：xazlsrc.com/?username=1&passwd=2
　　说明：GET请求是可以缓存的，我们可以从浏览器历史记录中查找到GET请求，还可以把它收藏到书签中；且GET请求有长度限制，仅用于请求数据（不修改）。

注：因GET请求的不安全性，在处理敏感数据时，绝不可以使用GET请求,比如当我们登录一个界面得时候，出现以下情况：
　　url:www.xazlsrc.com/login.php?id=guest(这是我们得正常的普通客户访问)
　　如果我们更改以下url：
　　url:www.xazlsrc.com/login.php?id=admin(那就可以直接admin登录)
因此url里面不能存在敏感信息，不然安全性不高

POST请求：

POST方法：
POST方法用于将数据发送到服务器以创建或更新资源，它要求服务器确认请求中包含的内容作为由URI区分的Web资源的另一个下属。

POST请求永远不会被缓存，且对数据长度没有限制；我们无法从浏览器历史记录中查找到POST请求
　　post请求安全性相对来说会更高一点

二者之间的区别：

GET请求在URL中传送的参数是有长度限制的，而POST没有。
GET比POST更不安全，因为参数直接暴露在URL上，所以不能用来传递敏感信息。而POST数据不会显示在URL中。是放在Request body中。
对参数的数据类型，GET只接受ASCII字符，而POST没有限制。
GET请求参数会被完整保留在浏览器历史记录里；相反，POST请求参数也不会被浏览器保留。
GET请求只能进行url编码（application/x-www-form-urlencoded），而POST支持多种编码方式。
GET请求会被浏览器主动缓存，而POST不会，除非手动设置。
GET在浏览器回退时是无害的，而POST会再次提交请求。

其他说明：这两种请求方式是最常见的请求方式，还有HEAD,PUT等等请求方式，传参方式除了get和post，还有cookie传参等等方式

GET爬取xazlsec.com页面内容：

import requests
url=' https://www.xazlsec.com'
res=requests.get(url)
#print(res.headers) 返回头部信息
#print(res.cookies) 返回cookies信息
#print(res.status_code) 返回状态码
#print(res.text)  返回编译之后的文本信息
#print(res.url) 返回url
#print(res.content) 字节码
#print(res.encoding)  #content中间存的是字节码，而text中存的是Beautifulsoup根据猜测的编码方式将content内容编码成字符串。
result=res.text
print(result)

POST爬取页面信息:

import requests

url='http://xazlsec.com'
post_data={
    " ":" "   #这里提交POST的内容，常见的账号密码提交应该如此输入 ：    {"username":"admin","passwd":"123456"}
}
res=requests.post(url,data=post_data)
print(res.text)

#必要时需要对posy_data进行json解析再传入，对于提交json串，主要是用于发送ajax请求中，动态加载数据。以拼多多网站为例，加载商品的方式为ajax，商品的内容在响应中。 
#所以此时应这样请求：res = requests.post(url=url,data =json.dumps(post_data)

用脚本爬取页面内容:

既然是要爬取页面内容，那我更倾向于用request模块进行爬取,直接看代码：

import requests
import re
url=' https://www.xazlsec.com'
res=requests.get(url)
#print(res.headers)
#print(res.cookies)
#print(res.status_code)
#print(res.text)
#print(res.url)
#print(res.content)
#print(res.encoding)  #content中间存的是字节码，而text中存的是Beautifulsoup根据猜测的编码方式将content内容编码成字符串。
result=res.text
sul=re.findall(r"http://.*?\"|http://.*?\"|https://.*?\"", result)
for line in sul:
    try:
        print(line)
    except:
        print('no')
        pass

这里要用到RE模块，因为re模块可以使用正则匹配函数

正则匹配：

python的正则匹配或者说 php语言的正则匹配，都有极大的相似之处，一开始自己刚看正则匹配的时候还什么也看不懂，后面多学学就好了，下面讲解一下：
个人认为最重要的是元字符：

元字符（参见 python 模块 re 文档）:

    .                    匹配任意字符（不包括换行符）
    ^                    匹配开始位置，多行模式下匹配每一行的开始
    $                    匹配结束位置，多行模式下匹配每一行的结束
    *                    匹配前一个元字符0到多次
    +                    匹配前一个元字符1到多次
    ?                    匹配前一个元字符0到1次
    {m,n}                匹配前一个元字符m到n次
    \\                   转义字符，跟在其后的字符将失去作为特殊元字符的含义，例如\\.只能匹配.，不能再匹配任意字符
    []                   字符集，一个字符的集合，可匹配其中任意一个字符
    |                    逻辑表达式 或 ，比如 a|b 代表可匹配 a 或者 b
    (...)                分组，默认为捕获，即被分组的内容可以被单独取出，默认每个分组有个索引，从 1 开始，按照"("的顺序决定索引值
    (?iLmsux)            分组中可以设置模式，iLmsux之中的每个字符代表一个模式,用法参见 模式 I
    (?:...)              分组的不捕获模式，计算索引时会跳过这个分组
    (?P<name>...)        分组的命名模式，取此分组中的内容时可以使用索引也可以使用name
    (?P=name)            分组的引用模式，可在同一个正则表达式用引用前面命名过的正则
    (?#...)              注释，不影响正则表达式其它部分,用法参见 模式 I
    (?=...)              顺序肯定环视，表示所在位置右侧能够匹配括号内正则
    (?!...)              顺序否定环视，表示所在位置右侧不能匹配括号内正则
    (?<=...)             逆序肯定环视，表示所在位置左侧能够匹配括号内正则
    (?<!...)             逆序否定环视，表示所在位置左侧不能匹配括号内正则
    (?(id/name)yes|no)   若前面指定id或name的分区匹配成功则执行yes处的正则，否则执行no处的正则
    \number              匹配和前面索引为number的分组捕获到的内容一样的字符串
    \A                   匹配字符串开始位置，忽略多行模式
    \Z                   匹配字符串结束位置，忽略多行模式
    \b                   匹配位于单词开始或结束位置的空字符串
    \B                   匹配不位于单词开始或结束位置的空字符串
    \d                   匹配一个数字， 相当于 [0-9]
    \D                   匹配非数字,相当于 [^0-9]
    \s                   匹配任意空白字符， 相当于 [ \t\n\r\f\v]
    \S                   匹配非空白字符，相当于 [^ \t\n\r\f\v]
    \w                   匹配数字、字母、下划线中任意一个字符， 相当于 [a-zA-Z0-9_]
    \W                   匹配非数字、字母、下划线中的任意字符，相当于 [^a-zA-Z0-9_]

以上为元字符：
我们简单看看元字符的使用：

re.findall("^\w+",str) :  ^表示多行匹配 \w表示匹配字母数字下划线任意一个字符
re.findall(".+",str): .表示匹配任意，不受换行符等字符的限制，因此所有内容都可以匹配
后面的+号表示尽可能多的进行匹配，即下面要讲解的贪婪匹配
前面表示我们的匹配规则，后面表示我们要匹配的字符串

贪婪匹配与非贪婪匹配：

那么元字符的正则匹配更像是一套规则，里面规定了匹配的方式，对于我们想要匹配的特定的信息，用上面的元字符肯定是不可取的，因此下面我们将采用非贪婪模式的方式进行内容匹配：

example = "abbbbbbc"
pattern = re.compile("ab+") 
这里匹配到的就是 abbbbbbc 
这就是贪婪匹配，尽可能多的匹配ab开头的字符串

如果我们要进行非贪婪匹配，应该怎么匹配呢？：
在这里插入图片描述这是python非贪婪模式的量词使用
具体使用情况如下：

import re

example = "<div>test1</div><div>test2</div>"

res1 = re.compile("<div>.*</div>")
res2 = re.compile("<div>.*?</div>")


输出内容：
res1=<div>test1</div><div>test2</div>
res2=<div>test1</div>

这就是区别，想必看完了实例，应该能够理解贪婪匹配与非贪婪匹配了吧
那么我在使用非贪婪匹配来匹配写脚本爬取xazlsec.com存在域名的时候，使用到的正则匹配是怎么样的呢？：

sul=re.findall(r"http://.*?\"|http://.*?\"|https://.*?\"", result)
很显然，对里面存在的http或者https开头的字符串进行匹配，匹配到第一个存在的"位置（因为写代码的时候肯定会用“”对网址进行包裹），而我这里为什么要用?呢，因为防止不恰当的内容出现，给出错误示例图就清楚了：

在这里插入图片描述

根据图中的标记可以看到的确满足了我们https开头匹配到“结束，但是内容如此之多，肯定不是我们最初想要的结果，所以，为了防止出现这种情况的出现，我们一定要使用两次：？，即：https://.*?" (\是转义符号)

爬取xazlsec.com中存在的域名结果：

https://www.xazlsec.com/usr/themes/default/favicon.ico"
https://www.xazlsec.com/usr/themes/default/css/bootstrap.min.css"   
https://www.xazlsec.com/usr/themes/default/css/font-awesome.min.css"
https://www.xazlsec.com/usr/themes/default/css/main.css"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/feed/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/feed/rss/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/feed/atom/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/usr/uploads/2019/05/1025297443.png"
https://www.xazlsec.com/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/usr/uploads/2019/05/1025297443.png"
https://www.xazlsec.com/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/1276.html"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/1272.html"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/923.html"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/941.html"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/166.html"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/918.html"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/109.html"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/921.html"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/73.html"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/942.html"
https://www.xazlsec.com/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1271/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1271/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1271/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/author/1/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1271/#comments"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/czjy/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1259/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1259/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1259/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/author/1/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1259/#comments"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/czjy/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1258/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1258/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1258/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/author/1/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1258/#comments"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/czjy/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1257/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1257/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1257/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/author/1/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1257/#comments"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/czjy/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1255/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1255/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1255/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/author/1/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1255/#comments"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/page/1/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/page/2/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/page/3/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/page/4/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/page/76/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/page/2/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1271/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1259/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1258/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1257/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1255/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1247/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1246/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1245/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1244/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1243/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/685/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1032/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1005/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1236/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1171/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1177/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1204/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1258/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/1118/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/archives/882/"
https://edu.xazlsec.com"
https://tools.xazlsec.com"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/pentest/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/yunweisec/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/websec/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/networksec/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/sectools/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/ctf/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/yewusec/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/WiFi/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/appsec/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/codereview/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/dujia/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/czjy/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/jianshe/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/apt/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/yingji/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/bin/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/category/bingdu/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E6%B8%97%E9%80%8F%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/linux/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/Windows/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/ctf/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%94%B6%E9%9B%86/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E6%8F%90%E6%9D%83/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/python/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/SQL%E6%B3%A8%E5%85%A5/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/msf/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/nmap/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/web/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E9%80%86%E5%90%91/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E7%A0%B4%E8%A7%A3/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/hash/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/kali/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/shell/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E5%86%85%E7%BD%91%E6%B8%97%E9%80%8F/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/DNS/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E4%B8%BB%E6%9C%BA%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/HTTP/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/XSS/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E5%AE%A1%E8%AE%A1/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/PHP/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/Android/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E6%AD%A3%E5%88%99/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E6%95%8F%E6%84%9F%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%B3%84%E9%9C%B2/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E4%B8%9A%E5%8A%A1%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/hashcat/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/DDOS/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/writeup/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/Empire/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/CURL/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/MITMF/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BA%BA/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BA%BA%E6%94%BB%E5%87%BB/"
https://www.xazlsec.com/index.php/tag/wpad/"
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7.正则抓取页面内容

请求方法：因为自己在这一块是有基础得，所以下面简单讲解一下请求方法：GET请求：GET方法：　　　用于使用给定的URI从给定服务器中检索信息，即从指定资源中请求数据。使用GET方法的请求应该只是检索数据，并且不应对数据产生其他影响。　　单纯跳转页面得请求：xazlsrc.com/index.php xazlsrc.com/login.php，即直接在url后面加上要访问得页面名称即可　　传值得请求：例如某登录界面：xazlsrc.com/?username=1&passwd=2　　说
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