算法-二叉树

1.二叉树的递归遍历

# 前序遍历-递归-LC144_二叉树的前序遍历
class Solution:
    def preorderTraversal(self, root: TreeNode) -> List[int]:
        # 保存结果
        result = []
        
        def traversal(root: TreeNode):
            if root == None:
                return
            result.append(root.val) # 前序
            traversal(root.left)    # 左
            traversal(root.right)   # 右

        traversal(root)
        return result

# 中序遍历-递归-LC94_二叉树的中序遍历
class Solution:
    def inorderTraversal(self, root: TreeNode) -> List[int]:
        result = []

        def traversal(root: TreeNode):
            if root == None:
                return
            traversal(root.left)    # 左
            result.append(root.val) # 中序
            traversal(root.right)   # 右

        traversal(root)
        return result

# 后序遍历-递归-LC145_二叉树的后序遍历
class Solution:
    def postorderTraversal(self, root: TreeNode) -> List[int]:
        result = []

        def traversal(root: TreeNode):
            if root == None:
                return
            traversal(root.left)    # 左
            traversal(root.right)   # 右
            result.append(root.val) # 后序

        traversal(root)
        return result

2.二叉树的迭代遍历

# 前序遍历-迭代-LC144_二叉树的前序遍历
class Solution:
    def preorderTraversal(self, root: TreeNode) -> List[int]:
        # 根结点为空则返回空列表
        if not root:
            return []
        stack = [root]
        result = []
        while stack:
            node = stack.pop()
            # 中结点先处理
            result.append(node.val)
            # 右孩子先入栈
            if node.right:
                stack.append(node.right)
            # 左孩子后入栈
            if node.left:
                stack.append(node.left)
        return result
        
# 中序遍历-迭代-LC94_二叉树的中序遍历
class Solution:
    def inorderTraversal(self, root: TreeNode) -> List[int]:
        if not root:
            return []
        stack = []  # 不能提前将root结点加入stack中
        result = []
        cur = root
        while cur or stack:
            # 先迭代访问最底层的左子树结点
            if cur:     
                stack.append(cur)
                cur = cur.left		
            # 到达最左结点后处理栈顶结点    
            else:		
                cur = stack.pop()
                result.append(cur.val)
                # 取栈顶元素右结点
                cur = cur.right	
        return result
        
# 后序遍历-迭代-LC145_二叉树的后序遍历
class Solution:
    def postorderTraversal(self, root: TreeNode) -> List[int]:
        if not root:
            return []
        stack = [root]
        result = []
        while stack:
            node = stack.pop()
            # 中结点先处理
            result.append(node.val)
            # 左孩子先入栈
            if node.left:
                stack.append(node.left)
            # 右孩子后入栈
            if node.right:
                stack.append(node.right)
        # 将最终的数组翻转
        return result[::-1]

3.二叉树层序遍历

import collections
class Solution:
    def levelOrder(self,root:TreeNode):
        if not root:
            return []
        res = []
        queue = collections.deque()
        queue.append(root)
        while queue:
            node = queue.popleft()
            res.append(node.val)
            if node.left:queue.append(node.left)
            if node.right:queue.append(node.right)
        return res

4.翻转二叉树

import collections
#递归法：前序
class Solution:
    def invertTree(self, root: TreeNode) -> TreeNode:
        if not root:
            return None
        root.left, root.right = root.right, root.left #中
        self.invertTree(root.left) #左
        self.invertTree(root.right) #右
        return root
#迭代法：深度优先遍历（前序遍历）：
class Solution:
    def invertTree(self, root: TreeNode) -> TreeNode:
        if not root:
            return root
        st = []
        st.append(root)
        while st:
            node = st.pop()
            node.left, node.right = node.right, node.left #中
            if node.right:
                st.append(node.right) #右
            if node.left:
                st.append(node.left) #左
        return root
#迭代法：广度优先遍历（层序遍历）：
class Solution:
    def invertTree(self, root: TreeNode) -> TreeNode:
        queue = collections.deque() #使用deque()
        if root:
            queue.append(root)
        while queue:
            size = len(queue)
            for i in range(size):
                node = queue.popleft()
                node.left, node.right = node.right, node.left #节点处理
                if node.left:
                    queue.append(node.left)
                if node.right:
                    queue.append(node.right)
        return root

5.对称二叉树

class Solution:
    def isSym(self,root:TreeNode):
        def recur(L,R):
            if not L and not R:return True
            if not L or not R or L.val != R.val:return False
            return recur(L.left,R.right) and recur(L.right,R.left)
        return recur(root.left,root.right) if root else True

6.二叉树的最大深度

#递归
class solution:
    def maxdepth(self, root: TreeNode) -> int:
        if not root:
            return 0
        return 1 + max(self.maxdepth(root.left), self.maxdepth(root.right))
#层序迭代
class Solution:
    def maxDepth(self, root: TreeNode) -> int:
        if not root: return 0
        queue, res = [root], 0
        while queue:
            tmp = []
            for node in queue:
                if node.left: tmp.append(node.left)
                if node.right: tmp.append(node.right)
            queue = tmp
            res += 1
        return res

7.二叉树的最小深度

#递归法
class Solution:
    def minDepth(self, root: TreeNode) -> int:
        if not root:
            return 0
        if not root.left and not root.right:
            return 1

        min_depth = 10**9
        if root.left:
            min_depth = min(self.minDepth(root.left), min_depth) # 获得左子树的最小高度
        if root.right:
            min_depth = min(self.minDepth(root.right), min_depth) # 获得右子树的最小高度
        return min_depth + 1
#迭代法
class Solution:
    def minDepth(self, root: TreeNode) -> int:
        if not root:
            return 0

        que = collections.deque([(root, 1)])
        while que:
            node, depth = que.popleft()
            if not node.left and not node.right:
                return depth
            if node.left:
                que.append((node.left, depth + 1))
            if node.right:
                que.append((node.right, depth + 1))
        
        return 0