2.7

2020.2.7

pickle模块

import pickle
list1 = [123,3.14,'yyqx',['list2']]
pickle_file = open('list1.pkl','wb')
pickle,dump(list1,pickle_file)
pickle_file.colse()
pickle_file = open('list1.pkl','rb')
list2 = pickle.load(pickle_file)
print(list2)
输出：
[123,3.14,'yyqx',['list2']]

异常处理

​ AssertionError:断言语句(assert)失败

​ AttributeError:尝试访问未知的对象属性

list.clear()
list.yyqx()#这行存在AttributeError

​ IndexError:索引超出序列的范围

list1 = [0,1,2]
list1[3]#这行存在IndexError

​ KeyError:字典中查找一个不存在的关键字

dict1 = {'one':1}
dict1['four']#这行存在KeyError

​ NameError:尝试访问一个不存在的变量

​ OSError:操作系统产生的异常（例如打开一个不存在的文件）

​ OverflowError:数值运算超出最大限制

​ SyntaxError:Python的语法错误

​ TypeError:不同类型间的错误操作

​ ZeroDivision:除数为零

​ IndentationError:缩进错误

​ FileNotFoundError:找不到文件

检测异常的语句

​ 1、 try-except语句

try:
	检测范围
except Exception[as reason]:
	出现异常(Exception)后的处理代码

try:
	f = open('yyqx.jpg')
	print(f.read())
	f.close()
except OSError as reason :
	print('出错原因：' + str(reason))
输出：
出错原因：[Error2]No such file or directory:'yyqx.jpg'

​ 2、 try-finally语句

try:
	检测范围
except Exception[as reason]:
	出现异常(Exception)后的处理代码
finally:
	无论如何都会被执行的代码

try:
	f = open('yyqx.txt','w')
	print(f.write('love you'))
	sum = 1 + '1'
except TypeError as reason :
	print('出错了')
finally:
	f.close()
输出：
出错了#且文件被写入了love you并保存

​ 3、 raise语句：自己引发一个异常

else语句

用法一：

def showMaxFactor(num):
	count = num // 2
	while count > 1:
		if num % count == 0:
			print('%d的最大约数为%d'%(num,count))
			break
		count -= 1
	else:
		print('%d是素数' % num)
	
num = int(input('请输入一个数：'))
showMaxFactor(num)
输出：
请输入一个数：50
50的最大约数为25

用法二：

try:
	print(int('123'))
except ValueError as reason:
	print('出错啦：' + str(reason))
else:
	print('没有任何异常')
输出：
123
没有任何异常

with语句

try:
	f = open('data.txt','w')
	for each_line in f:
		print(each_line)
except OSError as reason:
	print('出错啦' + str(reason))
finally:
	f.close()

或者
try:
	with open('data.txt','w') as f:
		for each_line in f:
			print(each_line)
except OSError as reason:
	print('出错啦' + str(reason))
输出：
出错啦not readable

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图形用户界面入门：EasyGui(教学文档：http://bbs.fishc.com/thread-46069-1-1.html)**

1、创建一个界面框

import easygui
easygui.msgbox('hey boy~')

或者

from easygui import *
magbox('hey boy~')

或者

import easygui as g
g.msgbox('hey boy~')

例一：

import easygui as g
import sys

while 1:
	g.msgbox('HEY WELCOME TO THIS GAME')
	
	msg = 'what doyou learn from this game'
	title = 'communicate'
	choices = ['fall in love','write essey','xxoo']
	
	choices = g.choicebox(msg,title,choices)
	g.msgbox('what is your choice?' + str(choice),'result')
	msg = 'again?'
	title = 'please make your choice'
	
	if g.ccbox(msg,title):
		pass
	else:
		sys.exit(0)

（建议不要在IDLE上运行EasyGui）

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